Making a metal staircase and assembling it yourself

Another welding option is from a corner. But to ensure the rigidity of the stairs, a large corner will be required, which means a significant waste of metal. You can use two small corners, but then they need to be welded to increase the profile of the bowstring.

No house is complete without a staircase. They are required to enter the house, to the second floor, attic or attic. Most people choose metal stairs. This is due to the advantages of the metal, its strength, durability, and the ability to give it any shape.

In addition to stationary ones, a mobile one is often required; for housework and gardening, an extension ladder or stepladder is always needed. Welding metal stairs is the best option.

Metal frame for interior stairs.

Instructions on how to weld a metal porch

Usually, for dachas and private houses, a metal frame for a porch is made by hand from an equilateral corner of 40*40 mm; if the porch is made of a profile pipe, then you need to choose a rolled product with a cross section of 20*40, 40*40, 45*45 mm.
The thickness of the metal must be at least 3 mm. In order for a welded porch with your own hands to be durable and last for decades, first of all, you should take care of the foundation; what kind of foundation to make is decided on the basis of geodetic research; we will focus on a pile one. The drawings are transferred to the area, the perimeter is marked with posts, the cord is pulled, the marking geometry is checked, the angles must be strictly 90°, unless otherwise provided by the design.

Diagram of a stringer made from corners for a small ladder

Piles are driven in the corners of the upper platform, and in the corners of the last, lowest step. If the width of the metal porch is more than 2 meters, then the piles are also placed in the middle, between the already driven ones. Keep an eye on the vertical, check the level of each pile. If the length of the metal staircase is more than 3 m, intermediate vertical supports are also driven in for structural strength so that sagging does not occur during operation.

The length of the piles outside for the upper platform should correspond to the height of the porch minus the decking and the thickness of the platform frame. For the last step, the length of the outer part of the pile can be flush with the ground, or slightly protruding, if this is provided for by the project.

If the piles are short, they are cut flush with the ground, and metal posts of the required height are welded to them, on which the metal frame will be supported. Piles or racks along the perimeter of the upper platform, as well as the lower ones, should be tied together with a corner or channel along the heads in order to maintain the geometry of the welded metal porch.

Metal porch described in the article

When the base is ready, the distance along the hypotenuse from the upper platform to the lower pile is measured, then the rolled stock of the required length is sawed off, this is the side part of the staircase (string) on ​​which the steps will be welded. You need 2 strings, cut out the parts and weld them to the finished structure.

Next, cut parts from the equal angle angle, taking into account the weld:

• the size of the height of the steps;
• the size of the depth of the steps;
• size equal to the width of the stairs.

The number of blanks should be equal to the number of steps multiplied by 2.

Important: To ensure the high quality of welding, the seam is coated with kerosene on one side and with a chalk-based chalk suspension on the other. The procedure must be done 2 times, with a period of 10 minutes.

If at sub-zero temperatures no spots appear at the joints within a few hours, then the quality of welding meets the highest requirements.

Blanks of different types (riser and tread) are welded together along the contour strictly at right angles, you should get L-shaped parts. Since we took the corner as a basis, do not forget about the left and right sides.

The assembly of the metal porch begins from the bottom step. Weld the L-shaped part along the contour to the left bowstring, measure the horizontal, and do the same operation with the right bowstring. Next, we connect the upper corner of the elements with an equal angle corner, which is welded to two elements along the contour, with the shelves inward. We connect the bottom of the steps (inner corner) in the same way, but with the shelves facing outward. The remaining steps are welded using the same algorithm.

Light metal porch without foundation

When the metal frame is ready, you can install steps from different materials. The floor is laid on the upper platform. Then, if necessary, railings are welded for safety, and a canopy is attached to protect the metal porch from precipitation. The finishing of the entire structure depends on the design of the entrance group. All metal parts and seams are cleaned of scale, oil stains and rust, and covered with paint for exterior use.

A way to make an approximate calculation

The cross-section of the beams directly depends on two factors - the angle of inclination and the length of the metal staircase. The steeper the flight of stairs, the smaller the profile section; the longer, the thicker and more massive the supporting beams need to be made.

The calculation must be made according to the second condition. First you need to make a preliminary assessment of the load-bearing capacity of the beam. To do this, we define the load as 400 kg, this corresponds to the weight of two people going down the stairs. Next, knowing the approximate length of the future staircase and the load, using the reference book we select the section of the beam for conditions of concentrated force. Divide it in two and get the moment of resistance, according to which you need to select a profile with the appropriate cross-section.

You can also calculate a metal beam for a staircase using the traditional method. To do this, you need to do a control load - the beam is placed on supports and placed in the central part. Deflection under load should not be more than 3 mm per meter of length.

DIY outdoor metal staircase

The process of making an iron staircase for the street requires experience, knowledge and skills in working with metal structures. If you have not previously encountered such work, then making an external metal staircase with your own hands will be difficult. After all, looking at projects on the Internet is not enough; you need to know what all the symbols mean and at least approximately understand the intricacies of installing such products. But it’s okay, now you will find out everything.

Drawing up a project for an external staircase and calculating dimensions

Before proceeding directly to creating the structure, try to carefully draw up a project for the external staircase, make a drawing, and prepare all the materials that will be required during the work process.

Video: rules for drawing up a project (drawing) of a staircase

To avoid problems during operation in the future, it is necessary to calculate the dimensions of all parts in such a way that quality and safety do not suffer for the sake of a stylish appearance. Sometimes it is very difficult to combine a design idea with existing standards.

Video: how to calculate stairs

Making an outdoor metal staircase with your own hands

If you are determined to make an outdoor metal staircase with your own hands, first prepare the metal, a welding machine and other auxiliary tools that may be needed during the work process.

An excellent choice for making steps would be reinforcement rods, which will be welded to the base at a certain interval. In our country, the use of such elements is especially important, because in winter precipitation will not accumulate on its surface, which will avoid “ice”. In addition, such steps are easy to clean from dirt. However, do not forget that during operation, the external staircase to the attic or second floor of the house must be regularly treated with a special anti-corrosion coating.

As a base for reinforcing bars, it is best to use a regular metal profile - a channel mounted on an edge. It is to them that, by welding, the so-called “fillies” are attached, acting as a support for the steps.

For those who are not satisfied with the option with rods, there is a wide choice of other, no less attractive solutions. For example, perforated and embossed steps will prevent slipping. You should not use materials with smooth surfaces, otherwise throughout the winter, when climbing the external stairs to the second floor, you will be forced to frantically cling to the railings so as not to fall.

To obtain a durable and reliable structure, all connections must be made by welding. And only properly executed seams will give you complete confidence that it is safe to move along these stairs.

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Railings and railings for outdoor metal stairs

We must not forget about such important elements as railings and fences for external metal stairs. They ensure the safe operation of the product and create an original appearance.

As a rule, handrails made of wood or PVC are installed on stairs. But there are cases when bare metal is left, for example, on forged products. The gaps in the railings are filled with posts or shields.

After installing the external staircase, be sure to sand down all the irregularities and welds using an emery wheel (grinder). Cover the product with primer or paint. This will help keep the metal in good condition.

In order to weld an iron ladder, you will need:

• grinder (with grinding and cutting disc);
• drill with drills for metal;
• welding machine (preferably inverter type);
• a vice and a comfortable table for work;
• level and squares for marking structural elements;
• fastener

The figure below shows a diagram of the design of a simple metal staircase, which you can easily make yourself:

This is how a metal staircase is constructed: 1. Channel. 2. Corrugated metal steps. 3. Steel fillies. 4. Welding points. 5. Brackets for fastening steps.

Here is an example of a real factory-made staircase with just such a simple design - and look at how tastefully it fits into the surrounding space.

Street staircase Techno, Moscow Stairs company.

What kind of foundation is needed?

If the porch is planned to be light - wooden or metal - the foundation is most often made of piles or columns. Specifically chosen based on geological conditions. On well-draining soils with a low groundwater level, a columnar foundation is sufficient; if there is a tendency to heave, a pile foundation, possibly a TISE, is needed.

For a heavy porch - made of brick or monolithic concrete - a strip foundation or monolithic slab is made. The type of foundation is most often similar to the one on which the house is built.

Types of foundations for a porch

Next, you need to decide whether you will connect the porch foundation to the house foundation or not. Decisions are made based on the planned mass of the extension and the type of soil. Both options have disadvantages. If there is no connection, cracks often form at the junction of the porch and the house; due to frost heaving, the porch may become warped. Owners of dacha plots often face this problem - usually the porch to the dachas is made of wood and is disconnected. After the ground thaws, it may “sit” in place on its own, or it may require some additional measures.

When installing connections, it is also possible for cracks to form, but not only at the joint, but also in the “body” of the extension. This happens if the reinforced connections installed cannot compensate for the uneven load created by the house and the extension. Therefore, a connected foundation for a porch is made if it is attached to a heavy house and is itself heavy and massive, made of reinforced concrete. The second difficulty with this decision is to make the connection high-quality. To do this, use ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm, for which holes are drilled in the foundation with a given diameter. Reinforcement is hammered into them and a frame for the porch is knitted on its basis.

Building codes

During construction work, any structure must meet certain standards.

The same is the case with the stairs. It must be strong to withstand human loads, and safe so as not to be injured when moving.

And also, it should provide convenient and comfortable movement to the required floor of the building.

You must make the steps with certain parameters, since a narrow step will interfere with the comfortable placement of the foot, which can cause injuries. If the step is very high, then it is inconvenient to step from one to another.

Therefore, such a project must be approached according to the rules, everything must be accurately calculated and defined in the drawings.

What are the advantages of drawings of future structures

By drawing a diagram of the design of the future staircase, a person makes his task easier in the process of installing the gangway.

Metal staircase installation process

This will help:

• Make the installation process fast;
• Do-it-yourself drawings will save money;
• Include imagination in the process of developing a plan for a future structure;
• Make the kind of staircase you dream about, and not according to the templates of manufacturing companies;
• Feel like a real owner of the house;
• Eliminate banal patterns from the walls of your own home;
• Create a design that fits perfectly into the interior.

Therefore, it is worth paying tribute to the issue of independently carrying out drawing work on planning the future staircase.

Varieties and design options

We will consider the most popular types of metal stairs below. Let us note right away that the frame can be open and closed. The closed one does not need to be processed after assembly, but the open one requires grinding and cleaning. And now about the varieties.

Straight staircase with metal stringers

In this case, steps and components of the fence are installed on the stringer.

How many stringers there will be depends on the width of the flight of stairs, as well as the level of load on it. There can be one stringer, as in the example below, or several.

This type of design has several important advantages:

• ease;
• does not visually clutter up the space;
• increased strength (can be used at industrial facilities);
• If necessary, you can use any decor for decoration.

Stairs inclined on bowstrings

This is a structure in which the steps rest on beams placed on the sides of the flight.

Design advantages:

• many options to implement;
• strength;
• the metal base can be used to make spiral and straight staircases.

Staircase with floating steps – cantilever

First of all, it simplifies the space. Steps that are frozen in the air are perfect for houses designed in a minimalist style.

Combined option

Combining consoles + stringer frame. The steps are “airy”, but at the same time they have a reliable base in the form of a metal stringer, which is installed along the wall.

Spiral metal staircases

In this case, the steps are placed in a spiral around the central pillar. Such stairs are highly reliable, and they can be made from profile pipes. Even if their production was carried out according to a standard design, the appearance will ultimately be completely different due to coloring and other decor.

Stairs of this type are used more often in small rooms; the cost is relatively low.

Modular designs

Fits into any interior from modern to classic. Staircase elements are universal, styles are varied. You can assemble this ladder yourself; it will only take a few hours.

Marching stairs

Marching stairs are the simplest similar products to design. It can be easily placed in any size room. It is considered the safest design.

Metal stairs with glass steps

Working with this design is complicated due to the presence of a large number of glass elements. Only the strongest glass is used, which fully meets all safety requirements.

Double-flight staircases with a platform

This type stands out separately, as it has a serious advantage over other structures: an intermediate platform between spans.

In addition, there are the following positive qualities:

• it is easy to design;
• no large labor costs are required during the manufacturing process;
• significant savings on building materials;
• high degree of comfort;
• safety in operation;
• presentable appearance.

In the process of building double-flight stairs, it is better to combine several materials in order to optimize the cost and develop a successful style solution. For example: the frame will be metal, and the decorative elements will be wooden, or the cladding will be made of stone.

Almost all types of stairs that we talked about above can be prefabricated. Their advantage is that they can be assembled even if the walls have already been finished in the house and the floors have been laid.

If you are far from professional in making stairs, you can choose a ready-made one. They are modern, lightweight and fit perfectly into the interior of any private home.

The design of the staircase largely depends on the area of ​​the room in which it will be located. It should complement the overall picture, and not fall out of it.

In classic interiors, it is better to place expensive stairs finished with natural wood or luxurious forged metal.

But in the case of minimalism, there is no need for unnecessary details; you can make a staircase structure from plexiglass.

Attention should be paid not only to the staircase itself, but also to the space under it. If possible, you can arrange a place for reading and relaxation there.

Kinds

There are only two types of frames in metal stairs: open and closed.

• When the frame is open, after the staircase is fully assembled and installed, it remains visible. When installing a frame of this type, it is necessary to carefully carry out welding work and thoroughly weld the seams, and then clean and remove all rust and paint the entire frame.
• Closed frames in the construction of stairs are much simpler, because they do not need to be refined, since they will be completely closed. To make this frame, you only need a channel with corners and the necessary tools. After finishing and installation, such a staircase cannot be distinguished from one made of wood.

Of the many staircase designs, the first to be mentioned are marching products. There are several ways to make them. For example, in a staircase made of a profile pipe, stepped stringers can be welded on the sides. This march looks light and neat, and it is easy to install steps to it.

The most common option is the use of straight bowstrings; they are placed under the bottom of the treads. In this case, it is most convenient to use a round pipe or channel for manufacturing. First, you should attach one or two bowstrings to the floor and ceiling in the house. To install the steps, fillets are welded. It is possible to do it differently by securing them with screws or welding steps between two strings.

In order to create a structure on stringers, the same materials are used as when making from a bowstring. When two stringers are used, they are installed in the same way as a bowstring, but not to the width of the march. The ends are not covered by support beams. To make supports for steps, corners are required that bend at 90 degrees. And we get so-called scarves, which are welded to the supports.

The screw design differs from others in its decorativeness and compactness. Typically, these products are installed in country houses due to their simple production and low color value.

For convenient movement along the stairs, the steps should be made with winders. It won’t be difficult to do it yourself, because the metal structure is easy to configure.

Staircase on rails, the steps in this version are attached directly to the load-bearing wall with special bolts.

Regardless of the type of staircase, it should be supported only on the floors to create additional reliability of the structure. Sometimes they even erect a separate load-bearing partition made of concrete and brick.

Installation of steps and railings

The steps can be mounted directly onto the stringers. You can also use additional wooden parts - fillies. The steps can be secured with nails or screws.

It is recommended to use triangular fillets to increase the strength of the structure. They are mounted using dowels, so you need to make the appropriate grooves in advance. To install fillies in stringers, you need to provide grooves of the required shape. The parts need to be secured with glue and screws.

After installing the steps, you can proceed to attaching the railing baluster. It is advisable to cover the mounted structure with a protective paint and varnish material. This will protect the product from the negative effects of moisture and pests.

Sequence of work

After all the parts have been prepared for work, the steps are applied to long strips for marking. Here it is recommended to use a square to maintain a right angle. For now, work will be carried out on two of the 4 available profile sections. The sequence of operations will look like this:

1. After correcting the future connection, you can begin making welds. And the first step is to attach the lower support; 2. When the first step is ready, you can weld the rest sequentially; 3. When the installation of the first part of the stepladder is completed, it will be necessary to drill holes for the threaded bolt in the upper part; 4. Then you should weld the ears, as shown in the corresponding photo; 5. Now the second part of the stepladder is assembled in the same way; 6. After securing the two ladders with bolts, it is necessary to conduct a strength test.

The result should be a reliable design. To protect the metal from corrosion, it should be primed and then painted.

Recommendations

A compact and cozy spiral staircase is not at all an advertisement from the cover of a magazine or the fantasy of an expensive designer. Experts keep several effective secrets that help bring all this to life with minimal material costs. The only thing that is required to the maximum extent is desire, diligence and scrupulous adherence to instructions. To make it easier to cope with this task yourself, re-read the main recommendations for this process.

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The length of one turn of the staircase must be at least two meters so that it is comfortable for a person of any height to move along it. When finalizing wooden structures, pay special attention to the painting process. If you are more than satisfied with the natural pattern of the material, then you can get by with a two- or three-layer coating of yacht or parquet varnish.

Before you start painting or varnishing the surface, be sure to clean it of construction debris, dust and other types of contamination.

Then you will get a durable, high-quality coating. Pay attention to the angle of the steps. Ideally, they should be parallel to the floor so that there is no risk of feet slipping and injury. Materials for the manufacture of stairs must be of high quality, strong and durable

When selecting, take a close look at all the components and components.

• Fire safety is paramount. All materials must have heat-resistant impregnation and treatment.
• Moisture is also a bad companion for spiral staircases of various materials. Therefore, you should immediately clarify the question at the selection stage whether the structure is treated with a special moisture-resistant coating.

• All fastening tools must be in place and securely screwed in, driven in, and fixed. The plane of the steps should be perfectly smooth without any unpleasant protruding additions.
• In the process of marking and creating drawings of the future structure, be sure to take all measurements several times and double-check yourself. Incorrectly specified dimensions can lead to uncomfortable operation: misalignment, creaking, and rapid wear of components.

• If there is a need to replace a step, fastener, railing, baluster, etc., do so immediately. Otherwise, both the entire structure as a whole and the person climbing or descending it may suffer.
• Constantly take care of your spiral staircase: clean it on time, paint it, repair it if necessary.

What else you need to consider: recommendations from professionals

For those who have decided to create a staircase structure for the first time, experts recommend choosing flight stairs (rotary or straight). These types of stairs are simpler both in calculations and in manufacturing. More complex designs, especially asymmetrical ones, should not be done by beginners, as they may have to call in professionals to redo them.

In addition, professionals advise the following:

use patterns to create stringers; it is better to tighten structures on a bowstring with metal rods to give strength; It is very important to carry out the final processing of wooden structures (after installation, clean all parts with sandpaper, vacuum) and only then varnish.

Briefly about the main thing

The staircase to the second floor made of metal can have 5 main modifications:

1. On the stringers.
2. On the bowstrings.
3. On consoles.
4. Screw type.
5. Combined.

The main advantages of a metal frame in them are greater strength, durability, reliability, aesthetics, availability of materials and preservation of performance qualities for the entire service life. During installation, correct preliminary calculations and measurements, mandatory construction requirements, type of railings and technical nuances of assembly are of great importance. You can make a simple metal staircase yourself, but it is better to entrust this task to professionals.

Types of frames made of profile pipes

One cannot ignore the question of what kind of frames can be used for staircases made from profile pipes. The material seems to be the same everywhere, but the principles of the structure have significant differences.

Prices for steps for stairs

steps

The most economical option for using a profile pipe in the manufacture of stairs is a frame on a central stringer. This option can be made in two versions - it is a broken stringer, repeating the shape of the steps, or a straight one, made from a profile pipe that is solid along the entire length of the flight.

Staircase with a central broken stringer

A broken stringer is more difficult to manufacture, as it is assembled from separate sections of pipe, cut at the correct angle, which are connected to each other into a common part by welding. Then, on each of the horizontal surfaces of the stringer, a so-called “sole” (mounting platform), made of sheet metal 3–4 mm thick, is welded. The tread boards will be attached to this “sole”. To fix them, four to six holes are pre-drilled in the metal plates. Self-tapping screws will be screwed into the wood through them. For this design, a profile pipe with a cross-sectional size of 80×60 mm may well be suitable.

Sketch of a flight of stairs with a central straight stringer made of a profile pipe

The second version of the central stringer is made from one pipe, usually with a cross-sectional size of 100×50 mm, which is cut only at the ends, at a certain angle. Then, plates or peculiar legs are welded to the end parts of the pipe forming the span, with the help of which the stringer will be secured to the ceiling and to the floor.

And this is how a staircase with a central straight stringer might look “live”

Markings are made on the stringer pipe along which stands will be welded for installing the steps. The stands consist of a leg, also of a section of profile pipe, with ends cut at the desired angle (depending on the steepness of the flight of stairs), onto which “soles” are welded with holes for fixing tread boards on them.

Marching staircase with two straight stringers and a frame structure of steps

For massive stairs, a more reliable version of metal structures is usually chosen, consisting of straight stringers onto which frames for the steps are welded. For their base, a pipe of 80×60 or 100×50 mm is used, and for the manufacture of a frame for the steps, a profile of 25×25 mm or even a corner with shelves of the same size is used, which gives a certain saving in metal costs. In the lower and upper parts of the frame, stands cut from a metal sheet are fixed by welding.

This illustration clearly demonstrates the principle of installation of such a staircase frame

A more complex version of a staircase made of a profile pipe is a broken structure consisting of two stringers, in some cases fastened together by jumpers.

Sketch of a staircase with two broken stringers

How frame structures of this type are manufactured and assembled will be discussed in detail in the instruction table below.

Types of modern finishes

The most effective design solution can be called a combination of metal and wood. Decorating with natural wood gives the entire interior a respectable appearance and a certain nobility.

Aside from aesthetics, metal structures with wooden elements also have other advantages:

• reliability;
• wear resistance;
• safe and comfortable movement;
• convenient descent and ascent.

Depending on the design project and your budget, you can clad only the steps with wood, as well as the steps and risers at the same time.

Solid wood will bring an atmosphere of comfort, natural freshness and harmony to your home.

The most popular for cladding are:

• cherry;
• oak;
• nut;
• Red tree;
• ash and the like.

Despite all the advantages, wood finishing is not a cheap pleasure. If you plan to do everything yourself, you can use a budget option - laminate. Not only is it cheaper, but it is also easier to process than solid wood. The quality will be slightly lower, but this is a reasonable compromise.

Laminate even has advantages over wood:

• good sound insulation;
• no squeaking even after several years.

We can conclude that if you want to create a beautiful finish and save money, laminate is a great solution.

The next option is tiling. The tiles are not afraid of water, dirt and stiletto heels. But the edge must be corrugated to avoid injury. This cladding method is equally successfully used for street stairs and structures located inside a country house. The coating can be made to look like marble, granite or natural stone.

Finishing with plasterboard sheets is another way of covering. Care must be taken not to damage the sheets, and the smallest pieces must be attached to the bottom of the flight of stairs.

Metal stairs are widely used in loft-style interiors. In this case, cladding is practically not required; it is better to leave everything in its natural form.

Manufacturing

It is recommended to practice before starting work, get your hands on, get used to the device: all these actions should be carried out on third-party objects. Once you have mastered the basic welding techniques, only then should you begin finishing work.

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A certain sequence should be followed in the work:

• cut the workpieces to size;
• production of units for fastening steps (fillies);
• corners should be welded;
• install stringers;
• steps and fencing should be welded;
• cleaning, polishing;
• primer and painting.

First of all, we make knots from the corners for attaching the steps (fillies). In order not to spoil the stairs, distortions should be avoided. The fillies must be identical and mirror each other. We make fillets from a steel corner; first, cut them out, then join the corners together.

As a result, you should have L-shaped welded units with shelves inward and downward. The shelves are welded deep and upward for steps made of concrete, as well as decoration with porcelain stoneware or ceramic tiles. This design will require 14 pairs of these nodes - in each pair, one support will be right, and every second one will be left. We weld the step fastenings and the crossbar between each pair of corners. We also make the crossbar from a corner.

We make markings along the edge of the profile square pipe and weld fillets along it to the edge of the stringer. We attach the second string to the first string with the fillies attached, and accurately transfer the markings. This is how we acquire the correct geometry of all parts. Our width is 900 millimeters, and two stringers are completely enough for us. We weld the fillies to the second stringer. We control them by level. Then we weld the stringers with the lower end to the main platform.

In dwellings with a concrete base, the main platform can be placed in concrete. We strengthen the upper end to the support post, which is fixed to the ceiling between floors with metal anchors. Once again we control the fillies by level.

The final stage is welding the steps to the fillets. You can also fix them with bolts, in this case you need to seal them with wood. Another variation is to install wooden steps directly on the fillies using screw-shaped connections.

The upper step is placed at the shortest distance from the wall. It is necessary that a sheet of paper be laid between the wall and the step - facing work lies ahead. The fence is welded near the metal staircase so as not to reduce its width.

All components of the structure in the welding areas are polished (seams, notches), later metal particles are swept away with an iron brush, the metal staircase is primed: we use a primer for metal, then it is painted in the chosen color. Wooden steps are installed after the paint has dried.

Decorating a metal staircase to the next floor, including covering the steps with wood, is appropriate to carry out at the stage of finishing finishing work in the home.

Although seemingly uncomplicated, the work of constructing an interfloor metal structure calls for care and accuracy. High-quality welding work ensures a long service life of the structure.

Once you have built a strong and substantial frame, you can decorate it over time with wood, ceramic tiles, stainless steel fencing components, and other cladding materials of your choice. And the structure, which at the construction stage looked too large and unpresentable, will receive an excellent external appearance.

The main argument for the benefit of building a metal staircase to the second floor with your own hands is the savings of significant funds that you will need to carry out other work in the house.

To learn how to properly install a metal staircase with your own hands, see the video below.

General requirements

The design features of stairs made of metal, wood or concrete are no different. The principles of design and calculations for interfloor structures made of various materials are the same, and the standard requirements for them do not differ:

• In private households, the minimum width of the stairs should be 900 mm.
• The slope of one flight of stairs must be constant. Optimal tilt angles are shown in the diagram.
• The optimal height of steps is 160-180 mm.
• The minimum permitted depth of steps is 270 mm.
• The fence must withstand a side load of 100 kg.
• The maximum permitted distance between fence posts is 150 mm (for a family with children - 120 mm).

Creating a Project

Special programs change companies, with the help of them 3D design is carried out. In such a model it is easy to change the sizes of some individual elements. After the option has been approved, the working drawing and specification of the staircase are prepared by the program.

Without the help of the program we have to do the calculations. Let's consider a simple design option - a single-flight straight staircase. We know the usual requirements for step height and depth. The best tilt angle is 30 - 45 degrees. We take measurements between two points: from the beginning to the end of the staircase at floor level (denoted by a) and the height between floors (b), then the length is even (d). We need to determine the length of the stairs.

Using the equation: (a) squared + (b) squared = (d) squared, our length is calculated. We calculate the required number of steps using this formula, as a result the step height will be 179 mm or 167 mm. The overhang is the part of the upper step that hangs over the lower one. The optimal overhang size is 3-5 cm. The size of the steps will be increased by the width of the so-called overhang. We get the basic parameters that we need to determine the amount of materials. For two stringers we need a profile pipe. From the corners, which we strengthen with reinforcement for reliability, we weld supports for the steps (fillies). We make these steps and risers from 4 mm iron and then cover them with wood.

First of all, you must prepare a modular work scheme. You need to calculate the amount of material you will need. This step-by-step instruction, created on the basis of expert recommendations, will help you get the job done not only efficiently, but also quickly.

Sheathing installation

Before starting work, you should decide whether additional fasteners will be required. This may be required if there are turning steps.

Installation is carried out in two ways:

1. The first involves laying steps on top of the corner, after which they are fastened in such a way that the corner remains under the board.
2. The second method is based on fastening to the corners, which are welded to the channel. After that, two more corners are installed so that a frame is formed in which the steps are laid.

Stages of work:

Installation of steps on stairs

To prevent the formation of chips, you can round the edges of wooden tread blanks.

Before installing the stairs, it is necessary to strengthen the metal frame