To build a house from timber, certain carpentry skills are required. The process of building a house is carried out in several stages. Laying of profiled timber should be carried out according to the developed technology in order to achieve the best result. It is important to carry out appropriate calculations and select quality materials. The work carried out by specialists will help to build a house in the shortest possible time and save costs.
Laying profiled timber using the correct technology will ensure high quality construction Source tiu.ru
Foundation preparation
For building a house, the optimal foundation is considered to be a strip foundation. To arrange it, stones and vegetation are removed, mounds and holes are leveled. When the site is leveled, the territory is marked. After this, a trench is dug, the depth of which depends on the height of the future building and the soil, the width is at least 25 cm. The profiled beam is quite light, so for a one-story building you can use a shallow foundation.
For multi-story construction or construction on unstable soil, the foundation must correspond to the freezing level of the soil. On average, this figure reaches 1.2-1.5 m.
The following materials are needed for the foundation:
- concrete, sand, crushed stone;
- formwork;
- reinforcing rods.
Any house begins with preparing the foundation Source penza-press.ru
The trench is filled with sand and crushed stone, and a mesh is laid with rods to reinforce the foundation. It is recommended to use tying wire rather than welding to connect the rods. The formwork is laid out, and then everything is filled with concrete. To make concrete mortar, cement, sand and crushed stone are used - all components are thoroughly mixed. The ratio of materials is 1:3:4, cement grade is at least 400. The foundation stands for about 2 weeks.
How is the price of a home determined?
The price of a finished, modest, standard house made of profiled timber for shrinkage ranges from 400 thousand rubles and more.
The price is formed taking into account the following features:
- dimensions of the structure;
- main and consumable materials used;
- the cost of design, permitting procedures and transportation of materials;
- expenses for renting equipment and hiring labor;
- costs of connecting communications and using electricity.
Laying the first row
For construction, only smooth and intact beams that have no visible defects are used. The laying of timber must meet all technological standards. Only light and dry materials are used; if gray sections or spots are found on it, then they cannot be used. During the construction process, roofing felt, bitumen, dowels and antiseptic are additionally laid.
For structural strength, dowels are used to fasten the beams Source myvideosait.ru
The dried foundation is covered with bitumen, roofing material on top, its width is at least 20 cm larger than the foundation, the edges hang evenly on both sides. Such waterproofing will protect the future structure from moisture. At all joints, roofing material is laid with an overlap of 10 cm, coated well with bitumen and pressed. Before assembly, you need to determine the type of connection at the corners. The cutout at the top beam of the lower part is considered advantageous, and vice versa at the bottom. This fastening option allows you to save on material, and the ends will not extend beyond the corners of the building.
All work on assembling the structure begins with marking and further cutting of the prepared material. Before assembly, the wood is treated with an antiseptic, dried, and only then holes are drilled in it every 50 cm along the beam. Two beams are laid on both sides, and on top, grooves are made in them at the ends. The row is leveled, the corners are adjusted, the protrusions are corrected with a plane.
Each of the beams in the house is located in its place Source giropark.ru
After securing the first row, assembling a house from timber involves installing the floor covering, as well as the base of the walls. Beams of 15x10 cm are used. Grooves of 40 cm are cut out in the beams on the inside (it is recommended to use “T”-shaped grooves), the ends of the beams must be cut off. This insertion method increases the strength of the connections. After installing the beams, they are aligned horizontally so that they are in the same plane.
Material selection
It is not possible to create this type of house from every type of tree. If you want this structure to stand for many decades, you need to select tree species that are especially durable and not very expensive. Coniferous trees such as pine, larch, as well as linden, willow, oak, aspen and birch have such measurements.
Installation of timber frame crowns.
Here it is necessary to take into account the fact that the construction of a log house will be carried out from logs whose diameter is not less than 20 cm, but not more than 26 cm. You must use even logs, of the same thickness along the entire length and without cracks.
You can make a log house from timber from 2 materials:
- profiled timber;
- rounded logs.
The creation of a rounded log is made by processing an ordinary log into a shape in the form of an ideal cylinder. In this case, a special machine is used. It is capable of removing the very top, not very durable layer of the log.
Making log houses from timber with your own hands begins with the development of a project and the choice of material. And if we leave the building plan to your discretion, since everything depends on specific wishes, then regarding the timber it is quite possible to give a number of general recommendations.
Structure and advantages of laminated veneer lumber
The difference in the functional parameters of these materials is also quite significant:
smooth parts that are cut from logs in the shape of a square or rectangle are cheaper, but do not provide proper tightness when connecting the crowns. So if you want to get maximum thermal insulation of walls even without finishing, choose profiled timber with special locks on the connecting surfaces;
Please note! Some models of profiled timber even have a special selection for laying inter-crown insulation. The use of this thermal insulation technology significantly increases the level of energy saving of the wall. As for the structure, the most common is solid material
However, when drying, long beams can become deformed, so sometimes timber glued together from lamellas with multidirectional wooden fibers is used for construction. Of course, the price of such products will be higher, but by choosing glued blanks, we practically guarantee that their geometry will remain unchanged;
As for the structure, the most common is solid material. However, when drying, long beams can become deformed, so sometimes timber glued together from lamellas with multidirectional wooden fibers is used for construction. Of course, the price of such products will be higher, but by choosing glued blanks, we practically guarantee that their geometry will remain unchanged;
Any of these combinations can be successfully used to build a log house. And yet, lately craftsmen have given preference to solid profiled products that have undergone air drying. According to most experts, it is these raw materials that have the optimal combination of cost and operational parameters.
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the thickness of timber for bath walls: the correct choice of material size
Marking timber
When assembling walls, it is recommended to draw an assembly diagram indicating the number of the crown, connections and location of openings. On the bars themselves you can indicate their numbers and location. The main characters used are:
- 1 – joints;
- A, C/D, B – longitudinal/transverse walls;
- E – partitions.
Walls can be erected from solid timber and extensions, partitions/transverses - from solid timber. An overlap of 15 cm to the floor is made in the longitudinal wall. To obtain the most accurate and identical dimensions and cutouts, it is best to use templates that will help you quickly carry out the process and transfer the contours to the timber.
All markings on the uneven bars are made using the same template Source pinterest.ru
Preparatory work
First of all, a garage project is developed, and it is important to decide on the following parameters:
- dimensions of the building (for one or two cars, with space for a workshop, etc.);
- location of the entrance gate, entrance door;
- the presence of an inspection hole;
- type of foundation (slab, strip, columnar);
- type of floor (earth, concrete, wood);
- warm or cold garage (in the first case, the method of insulating the walls and roof, the installation location and the type of heating stove are considered);
- roof configuration (single or double slope) and type of roofing material (corrugated sheeting, roofing felt, metal tiles, etc.).
Prepare a drawing indicating all dimensions, this will greatly simplify the assembly of structures. On the Internet you can find ready-made projects for wooden garages and take a suitable option as a basis.
The configuration of the foundation depends on the characteristics of the soil on the site, the dimensions of the building and the availability of materials
It is important to take into account the depth of soil freezing and do not forget that the upper edge of the foundation must rise above the surface by at least 10 cm so that the wood of the lower crowns does not come into contact with the ground
Joining the frame, drilling holes, insulation
Dowels made of wood or metal are used to connect each crown. From the end of the beam they are located at a distance of at least 25 cm, and then every 0.9-1.5 m. For any part, even the smallest one, at least two dowels should be used, the length of which is at least one and a half times longer than the beam. The dowels must be buried several centimeters into the tree.
The holes are slightly smaller in diameter so they fit snugly. The depth of the hole is several centimeters greater than the dowels used. For drilling, use a drill with a limiter so that all dimensions are the same. The seal is carried out with a special insulation tape. The tape is stretched over the entire surface of the beam in several layers and secured with staples. On the outside, if the wall is not sheathed, the gasket is made at a distance of several centimeters so that it does not get wet.
The beams are laid overlapping each other, the edges are secured with dowels Source rwhouse.ru
Expenses should be taken into account at the project stage
It is profitable to order a ready-made standard project for the construction of a cottage from timber with reference to the region. It is up to the designer to select from savings on the network and adapt the technical design to the request. What are the advantages of the project:
- Get a detailed cost estimate for materials, components, and work costs;
- Issues of material shortages or sale of remaining surplus will not arise;
- Detailed drawings and subassemblies will lead you out of the maze of errors;
- Transport costs are optimized;
- Laying pipes and cables will not cause any difficulties;
- The maximum cost of a standard project is 20 thousand rubles.
But the implementation of the idea depends on the need to hire a team of qualified carpenters. The level of responsibility, skill of specialists and the seriousness of hidden defects will become clear during the first wintering.
What should an ordinary person, inexperienced in construction, decide to build a warm house from profiled timber with his own hands? Order a house kit from a local house-building plant and save a significant amount of money with this step and speed up your move-in date.
Essentially, a house kit is a kit for the builder. The profiled timber is cut to size, the dovetail type connecting locks are made without gaps using precise factory equipment, which eliminates the appearance of cold bridges.
In the attached video, craftsmen use a chainsaw for this purpose. But are they capable of reproducing the precision of a machine production line? It can be seen that the cuts were made approximately, with a margin. Will they definitely caulk or foam the inconsistencies in the cuts? Doubt encourages self-building. And the cost of the work will amount to no less than factory processing.
Video:
Do-it-yourself house made of profiled timber
The benefits of purchasing a house kit made from profiled timber
A technological worker has replaced a carpenter - that’s what machining means.
The developer is limited in time, looking for an opportunity to reduce the cost of building a timber house. Let’s look point by point at whether the costs of cutting and sampling are reasonable:
- You receive chamber-dried wood with 10–16% humidity in sealed bags;
- End processing with film-forming stabilizer INDULINE. This means that the main channel for moisture absorption is blocked, the web of cracks will not disfigure the cut;
- Each part is numbered, the instructions indicate the location of assembly;
- Adjustments and modifications are excluded, time is spent only on the process of assembling the house;
- Check prices at wholesale stores per cubic meter of long profiled timber. It turns out that the cost of a similar unit of a house kit is the same or up to 10% more expensive - this is where the benefit is hidden;
- A set of timber for a house with an area of 120 m2 will cost approximately 650,000 rubles, for 190 m2 – approximately 950,000 rubles;
- The average assembly cost will be 25% of the cost of the timber. Manage the reserve fund at your own discretion;
- The thickness of the log house will be offered according to the climatic zone: the common size of timber 150 x 150 mm is suitable for Voronezh. In Siberia, wall thicknesses less than 220–250 mm are unacceptable;
- Installation will speed up twice;
- The material is 100% treated with antiseptic and fire retardant.
100% complete from base to ridge, this is the construction service
Video:
Ready-made house kits from the manufacturer
Walling
The log house can be tied in several ways:
- in a paw or bowl - for round logs;
- on the main tenon - for a rectangular section, a labor-intensive method, but it ensures a high density of joints.
The dowels used can be made of wood or metal. Standard sizes are 12-15 cm high, 2.5 cm thick, the holes for them should be a few centimeters deeper. The laid row is adjusted in the corners, the insulation is laid and the next crown of logs is placed on top, then the dowels are driven in. The insulation can be tow, felt or jute. The materials are fixed with a stapler. When several rows have been assembled, openings for windows and doors are cut out, and holes are made on the cuts to ensure air exchange. On the last two rows, grooves are made for the ceiling.
At a sufficient level of timber laying, openings for windows and doors are cut Source iskona.org
When assembling walls, one must take into account the fact that virtually all the beams will differ by millimeters from each other, which can negatively affect the result. Therefore, you can make a flat side only from the inside or outside. Sometimes you will come across a bent or twisted beam. It is recommended to cut the former into small pieces, and use the latter for various outbuildings on the site, bathhouses, or use for other purposes. A beam curved in one plane cannot be used for walls, expecting that it will level out under the weight of other materials - this will not happen. Curved timber can be laid into a wall only by leveling it horizontally and sequentially fixing it with dowels.
During operation, the assembly is constantly checked and the following parameters are monitored. If any deviations are detected, further work is stopped until the problems are resolved. Particular attention is paid to the height of the corners and verticality. In case of problems with verticality, the problem is eliminated until the beams are replaced. In this case, the height of the corners can be adjusted by spacers between the rims.
All corners in the house, vertical and horizontal, should be 90° Source cocinandote.com
The assembly of a log house can be carried out in two ways of laying the timber - with or without residue. In the first case, you can get a warmer and more stable house with the simplest possible construction scheme. However, the material will be consumed with more waste, increased installation costs and a smaller building area. In addition, such a house is very difficult to insulate or cover with siding. In the second case, there will be no convex walls, so additional finishing and insulation can be carried out, and the total space inside increases. But it is very important to adhere to all the technology so that the house is not blown out.
Required Tools
Few tools were required to build a log bathhouse:
- chain saw (it would take a very long time to cut with a hacksaw);
- drill with a wood drill with a diameter of 12 mm;
- hammer;
- axe;
- hand plane (the volumes are small, and carrying a wire behind an electric plane would be inconvenient);
- slick;
- stapler and staples for it 12 mm high;
- roulette;
- marking pencil.
Since the weather was not always conducive to the successful progress of the work, we also had to stock up on covering material so that the fresh impregnation would not be washed off from the wood.
Openings for doors and windows
The formation of a doorway begins with the 2nd crown, the height to the window is at least 70 cm. The formation of openings can be carried out in two ways. “Rough” opening in preparation for creating the opening. The opening itself is prepared for installation after the timber shrinks. The assembly of the structure is accelerated; beams are installed in the openings to secure the walls.
Openings can be arranged during the construction of walls Source krsk.au.ru
In the second option, they immediately prepare for installation, installing decks that connect the beams and act as slopes. If metal-plastic windows are installed, then decks may not be installed. A vertical groove is made at the ends along the opening into which the rail is inserted. The slats/blocks are made 5-7 cm smaller than the opening so that it does not interfere with shrinkage.
Installation of windows and doors with a “rough” opening is carried out by cutting it to the appropriate dimensions. The joints are sealed using insulation; it must be nailed at an angle. Then the window frame is inserted, fixed to the deck with self-tapping screws, there is a gap on top for shrinkage, it is filled with soft insulation.
When installing a window frame, be sure to leave gaps for shrinkage Source patter.ru
Completion of construction
After shrinkage, you can begin roughing and finishing, as well as constructing the roof. At the same stage, entrance doors and windows are installed. The subfloor is being installed. If the walls have a thickness of 195 mm or more, then they do not need additional insulation and cladding. They will retain heat perfectly.
Whereas protective impregnation must be applied. This will keep the wood in excellent condition for many years. If you wish, you can purchase a composition that will perform two functions at once - protective and decorative. With this mixture you can emphasize the structure of the wood and give it a rich shade.
Roof assembly
The beams are laid at a distance of 90-110 cm from each other; if the attic is used as a living space, then 15-20 cm beams are used, non-residential ones - 10-15 cm. Then the support posts and rafters are fastened. For the lathing, boards approximately 15 cm wide and a maximum thickness of 2 cm are used. The distance between the rafters depends entirely on the weight of the ceiling, the standard is 1.2 cm, fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or nails. Maximum attention is paid to the fasteners of the support posts. Waterproofing is applied to the sheathing, and then the roofing covering.
Types of profiled beams
Profiled timber can be glued or natural moisture. These varieties differ in manufacturing method and technical characteristics. For example, in the production of laminated veneer lumber, carefully dried boards are used, which can be of various types. They are glued together until the required profile section is formed. This technology provided this profiled building material with:
- increased accuracy of geometric parameters,
- lightness,
- the possibility of simple implementation of internal (hidden) placement of communications,
- presentable appearance.
To produce profiled timber with natural humidity, coniferous wood (spruce, cedar, pine) is used. The process of its manufacture involves processing a single log using milling and other woodworking equipment. The result is a building material that provides:
- reduction of production costs,
- uniform shrinkage of the frame,
- reduction in the cost of finishing work,
- environmental friendliness.
Common mistakes
When installing gables, people often forget to make holes in the eaves. They are needed to ensure ventilation of the rafter system. To prevent condensation from heating up and the roof rotting, air must enter through the holes in the gable and exit through the ridge strip.
When buying timber for the construction of a private house, it is not always possible to determine the moisture content of the purchased material.
Important! A house even made from dry timber should stand for 12-18 months until all excess moisture gradually evaporates. If you speed up this process by installing heating ahead of time, the wood will begin to crack.
If cracks do appear on the beam, it is better to use sealant rather than putty to seal them. The wood may continue to dry out, and then the putty layer will crumble. The gaps in the corners can be covered with panels.
Nageli
Dowels play an important role in the process of assembling timber walls. Their task is to connect the beams together and prevent them from twisting. Pins are most often made with a diameter of 3–4 centimeters from oak or birch wood. Instead of wooden dowels, it is possible to use a metal tube, but this is quite expensive. For dowels, 3 beams are drilled with a through hole in depth in a checkerboard pattern and they are inserted without effort. Instead of wooden and metal dowels, it is possible to use 25-30 centimeter nails. In this case, we must remember that its cap must be recessed 3-4 centimeters deep into the beam, since shrinkage of a house built from timber is inevitable.
