Merchant architecture. Stone witnesses to female virtue. Business lady of the 19th century.

The Russian estate has become a separate phenomenon in architecture and interior design. And now many owners of country houses are trying to reproduce this trend. Let's try to figure out how a Russian estate differs from ordinary mansions, take a little dip into the past and consider the features of such an interior.

The artist Stanislav Zhukovsky is known for his paintings in which he lovingly depicted ancient Russian estates. From his paintings you can study the interiors of houses from the mid-19th to the beginning of the 20th century.

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Poetry of an old noble house, 1912

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Large living room in Brasov, 1916

S. Yu. Zhukovsky. Interior of the library of a manor house, 1910s

Let’s immediately decide that we will talk specifically about estates, and not huts, towers and princely palaces. A lot has been said about huts and towers; this is also history, and more ancient. And nowadays only a few can afford to replicate the luxury and royal style of the palaces of Russian princes. And who would decide to reproduce such a style - in modern realities it is difficult to imagine.

The Russian tower, as a place of residence for fairly wealthy families, can now be found mainly in ancient cities and villages. Carved platbands, wood as the main material, four small rooms around a solid stove, a veranda - these are the main differences of this structure.

The interior of a Russian hut can now be found in bathhouses; sometimes people who are fond of antiquity build dachas this way. Everything here is simple, rustic, without frills or unnecessary details.

So, having dealt a little with the towers and huts, we move directly to the estate. The name comes from “to plant” or “to plant.” An estate is traditionally understood as a country building, an entire complex, which, in addition to the residential building itself, includes outbuildings and an extensive garden. It is customary to distinguish the following types of estates:

1. Boyar or merchant estates that began to appear in the 17th century.
2. Landowner estates, which remained the main place of residence for wealthy Russians until the beginning of the 20th century, gained particular popularity in the 19th century.

Baron Nikolai Wrangel (brother of Pyotr Wrangel, leader of the White movement) went to the provinces in 1902 to study in detail the features of the estates of the then landowners. This is how he described a traditional estate in his book: “White houses with columns, in the shady thicket of trees; sleepy, mud-smelling ponds with white silhouettes of swans plowing through the summer water...”

A white or sometimes blue house in a classical style, columns with Corinthian orders, a maximum of two floors, a wide porch or terrace - this appearance of a Russian estate is not outdated even now.

This photo shows the Galsky estate, located in Cherepovets. Now it is a house-museum telling about the life of landowners of the early 19th century.

As for the interior of Russian estates, one should distinguish the merchant style from the later one, created under the influence of European, mainly French trends and closer to modern realities.

These photographs show the house of the merchant Klepikov, located in Surgut. You can clearly see the abundance of textiles, very simple decoration, plank floors, and high-quality wooden furniture. We are sure that many of you have found such a metal bed with springs at your grandmother’s in the village. Let us turn again to Baron Wrangel, who described the interior of the estate as follows: “Inside, in the rooms, there are decorous comfortable chairs and armchairs, friendly round tables, sprawling endless sofas, wheezing clocks with a rusty bass chime, and chandeliers, and candlesticks, and sonnets, and screens, and screens, and tubes, tubes ad infinitum.”

The furniture in such an estate was often mismatched - an old chest inherited from the grandfather could sit next to a newfangled French chair or an English armchair, which the owner of the house, at the whim of his wife, purchased during a trip to the city. Traditionally, a Russian estate had a hall for receiving guests and, if the size of the house allowed, balls, as well as an office, which became the owner’s men’s refuge.

This photo shows the interior of an estate built in the village of Copper Lake (near St. Petersburg) by architects Elena Barykina and Slava Valoven for collectors of antique furniture. Almost all the furnishings are authentic, but there are also modern replicas in this house, created in an antique style.

If you want to recreate the interior of a Russian estate in your home, you should adhere to the following principles:

1. A mandatory element will be a wooden floor, possibly parquet or planks.
2. The furniture is laconic, preferably made of dark wood, with thin legs.
3. The interior doors and baseboards are white.
4. The walls can also be wooden, painted in neutral shades (but preferably snow-white). You can also use antique wallpaper that imitates textiles.
5. Tables are round or oval, with beautiful tablecloths, lamps with cozy lampshades and light curtains.

As for the kitchen and bathroom, it is advisable to use tiles here. The doors of kitchen cabinets can be left wooden or painted like Gzhel, as in the example we presented.

Separately, it should be mentioned the influence that the Empire style or late classicism, which came from Europe, had on the interior of a Russian estate. Within the framework of the landowner's estate, this direction was called “rural empire”, becoming less pompous and luxurious.

Now some homeowners imagine the style of a Russian estate as a kind of mixture of hut, country, chalet, rustic and modern motifs.

Well, the style of the Russian estate has always been a kind of mixture of different directions, taking a lot from the classics and history of our country. However, if you adhere to the main canons, in the end you should end up with a light interior, not overloaded with furniture, cozy, fresh, quite simple and at the same time truly homely, a real Chekhov’s dacha, described more than once by the classics of Russian literature.

What is Russian style in the interior of an apartment and what was everyday life like in a Russian estate? Small rooms, and not at all ballrooms and state drawing rooms, opened only on occasion, mismatched furniture, paintings of family rather than artistic value, everyday porcelain.

Fragment of the dining room. Custom curtain fabric, Colefax & Fowler, tartan piping, Manuel Canovas. Painted screen, early 20th century, France. The armchairs are upholstered in fabric, Brunschwig & Fils. Vintage decorative pillows with hand painted silk.

Even members of the imperial family in their personal lives tried to surround themselves with ordinary comfort - just look at the photographs of the personal apartments of Alexander III in the Gatchina Palace or Nicholas II in the Alexander Palace of Tsarskoye Selo...

Dining room. The green marble fireplace portal was made according to the sketches of Kirill Istomin. Wool carpet, Russia, late 19th century. Antique chandelier, France, 19th century. Chinese style carved dining table and leather upholstered chairs, England, 20th century. Fabric covers, Cowtan & Tout. On the table is an antique lace tablecloth from the collection of the owners of the house. Porcelain service, France, early 20th century. On the wall is a collection of antique French, German and Russian porcelain.

It was precisely these kinds of interiors that decorator Kirill Istomin was thinking about when clients approached him with a request to create a manor interior of a house in the Russian style without pretensions to historical authenticity.

Kirill Istomin

“We started to come up with a legend on the fly,” says Kirill. “From the first days of working on the project, the owners and I began looking for completely different furnishings—as they say, in reserve.

Fragment of the office. The sofa is custom-made according to the sketches of Kirill Istomin; upholstery, Clarence House. On the wall are icons of the owners of the house. Main living room. Tapestry, France, 18th century. Vintage English armchair, upholstery, Cowtan & Tout. The table lamps are made from antique Chinese vases. Red lacquer coffee table with gold painting in chinoiserie style, vintage. The shelving unit and sofa are custom-made according to the decorator's sketches, fabric, Cowtan & Tout. Desk with leather top and drawers, England, 20th century, next to it is a vintage rattan chair. Round table with marble top, Russia, 19th century.

The reconstruction of the house began with this tapestry - there was simply not enough space for it in the old living room. The new extension, adjacent to the living room, is equal in area to the first floor of the house.

Hallway. Wallpaper, Stark. Carved wooden gilded chandelier, Italy, 20th century. Mirror, England, 19th century. Chest of drawers and sconces, vintage. Fabric chair covers, Lee Jofa.

Square in plan, it is divided in half into two rooms: a dining room and a new living room, on one of the walls of which there is a tapestry.

Kitchen. Fabric bandeau, Lee Jofa. Chair covers, Schumacher fabric. Chandelier, dining table and chairs, Russia, 1900s.

“I understand what the architects thought when we ordered them to plan the rooms, taking into account the placement of existing furnishings,” Kirill smiles. “But I always treat the confrontation between decorators and architects with humor.”

Fragment of the kitchen. The countertop and splashback are made of granite.

The intentionally simple finishes—wood floors and painted walls—are offset in the rooms by the height of the ceilings. In an old house they are about one and a half meters lower.

Guest bathroom. Floral wallpaper, Cowtan & Tout. The base skirt is made of linen, Clarence House. Mirror above the base in a painted carved wooden frame, Italy, early 20th century.

However, even this does not make the premises look like state halls - the same living rooms, as if straight out of pre-revolutionary photographs. It's hard to say in which country these photographs might have been taken: in the dining room, the combination of porcelain plates hung on the celadon walls and floral patterns on the curtains are reminiscent of Victorian-era English manors, while the decor of the small living room with historical wallpaper depicting flower garlands and the boiling white lace ruffles of crimson curtains echoing them are reminiscent of the Russian style in the interior, a merchant’s mansion somewhere on the Volga.

Fragment of the main bedroom. English vintage lacquered secretary with gilded painting in the Chinese style.

Almost kitsch, but hot tea with jam has already done its job, and you don’t want to think about anything, covered with a downy scarf and listening to the soothing purr of the cat. “Of course, this is a completely invented interior, and you are unlikely to find historical parallels here.

Small living room. Vintage French bronze sconces were purchased in St. Petersburg. The backs of antique gilded armchairs are covered with antique lace from the owners' collection. Vintage sofa with fringe in original crimson upholstery. Hand-printed wallpaper based on archival originals, made to order. Curtains, silk, Lee Jofa. Wooden shelving is made according to the decorator's sketches.

Rather, it brings back memories of what you imagined a bygone era to be like when you read the classics,” says the decorator. “There are a lot of incompatible things in the house, but such “imperfection” makes my work invisible.

Daughter's bedroom. Custom shaped headboard, fabric, Brunschwig & Fils. An antique banquette with tapestry upholstery was purchased in St. Petersburg. The bedside tables are made to order. Contemporary woven cotton rug. Bases for table lamps made of colored glass and a chandelier with decorative pendants made of colored glass in the shape of fruits, vintage. Daughter's bathroom. Curtains with floral patterns, trim - checkered fabric, Schumacher. Sconce, vintage. Pouf on a metal base, England, 20th century. The underframe was made according to the sketches of Kirill Istomin. Carpet from the owners' collection. Master bedroom. Floral fabric curtains and headboard, Cowtan & Tout, Roman shade, Lee Jofa. Silk quilted bedspread, Duralee. Modern bedside tables. Oval mirrors in carved wooden painted frames, vintage. Vintage rock crystal table lamps purchased in Paris. Antique chair purchased in St. Petersburg.

The most striking manifestations of Russian architecture in terms of country buildings of the 18th and 19th centuries are the Russian estate and merchant house. And if the first version of buildings is used quite widely, then designs of houses in the merchant style are not so popular.

Design Features

Historically, merchant-style houses were a square or rectangular building 1-2 stories high, but modern designs allow taller buildings to be built. Other characteristic features of merchant private mansions are:

Combination of materials used in construction. The lower floor was usually built of brick, and the upper floor was made of wood.

The use of a simple (compared to the multi-level roof of a Russian estate) two- or four-slope roof.

Use of natural materials in interiors.

Availability of light on the top floor. It was a well-lit room, somewhat reminiscent of a modern attic.

Hemming the eaves overhangs. A mandatory element, the finishing of which is carried out carefully and from high-quality materials.

The use of various decorative elements on the facade (carved frames and shutters, stair railings, porches or balconies, etc.), although their number is much less than during the construction of an estate. This shows the main difference between them - the Russian merchant style shows the wealth of the owner of the building, without being as flashy and sticking it out as in the case of a Russian estate.

The ability to stay within the confines of style is the main and very characteristic feature of the best representatives of the domestic merchant class, who had enormous wealth, but did not boast of their own wealth.

Weekend route: where to look for merchant traces in Moscow?

Who are the merchants?

The “Third Estate,” that is, the merchants, was formed as a class in Russia in the 18th century. People belonging to this class were free and were engaged in trade, fishing and entrepreneurship. A merchant is both the one who runs a small tavern on the Yauza or the rich Trekhgornaya manufactory, and the one who is engaged in gold mines in Siberia. The heyday of the merchant class occurred in the second half of the 19th century.

How did merchants “bloom”?

By the 1860s, there was a crisis in industrial development. The country was agricultural; there were not enough workers in production. Serfs were not suitable for factories; skilled workers who had received at least some education were needed. “Otkhodniks” who came to work in winter still had to return to their village for sowing and harvesting. Production volumes fell.

After the peasant reform of 1861, now free citizens moved en masse to the city. Over 30 years, the population tripled: Moscow became a city with a population of one million!

Photo: pastvu.com

Pyatnitskaya at the beginning of the 20th century

A large village has turned into a big noisy city. Moscow was changing and the merchant class was changing along with it. A merchant of the first half of the 19th century is a man with a thick beard, “yesterday’s peasant” who does everything to make capital. The image of a merchant at the end of the 19th century was changing dramatically - children of common people received an excellent education, participated in the cultural and social life of the city, and were involved in charity work. Now merchants are no longer laughed at as illiterate nouveau riche. Now merchants are a progressive class.

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Smirnov House

The most remarkable house on the embankment near the Chugunny Bridge (Pyatnitskaya St., 1/2, building 1) is the house of Moscow entrepreneur Pyotr Smirnov, a famous vodka producer. The Smirnovs were serfs. Having received their freedom, they began selling alcoholic beverages. Pyotr Arsenievich, a representative of the second generation of free Smirnovs, started his business here on Pyatnitskaya Street. Later he bought this house, rebuilt it, lived here himself and ran production here.

On the facades you can see the inscription: “Supplier of the court of His Imperial Majesty Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov.” Only the best of the best could become suppliers of goods to the imperial court. Such productions had the privilege of being allowed to mount a double-headed eagle on the façade. I couldn't think of a better advertisement! In old photos of Smirnov's house you can distinguish a large cast-iron bird. The inscription on the wall and the cast-iron canopy were destroyed during Soviet times. The main entrance from the embankment was walled up, and a window appeared instead. The house was restored to its original appearance in the 1990s.

Pyatnitskaya street in 1903-1908

Photo: pastvu.com

Corner of Pyatnitskaya and Ovchinnikovskaya in the 1980s

Photo: pastvu.com

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

Today there are two brands of vodka that consider themselves to be the successor of the Smirnovs’ work - Smirnoff and Smirnov, with one brand produced in the USA, and the second in Russia. The thing is that different branches of the Smirnov descendants at different times decided to continue the work of their fathers, so disputes about the inheritance of a brand with a 150-year history have not yet been resolved.

Cast iron bridge fencing bollard

We inherited a lovely detail from the wonderful merchant era - the Cast Iron Bridge pedestal with the inscription “K. Dill Factory. Moscow". That is, these cast-iron cabinets were made at the factory of the merchant Karl Dill.

It is interesting that during the global reconstruction of the bridge in 1966, neither the railings nor the bollards with the name of the “class enemy” were touched.

Photo: leonovvaleri.livejournal.com

Balchug

We cross the Cast Iron Bridge and find ourselves on Balchug Island. Mostly middle-class merchants and artisans lived here. There was also a market where they sold their goods. Richer merchants built themselves two-story stone houses: they lived on the second floor and set up a shop on the first floor.

Due to the proximity to the river, locals suffered from floods. There were no high granite embankments at that time, so the Moscow River often overflowed its banks and flooded residential buildings, shops and basements with goods. One of the largest floods in Moscow occurred in 1908. Then the residents of Balchug (and many Muscovites) moved along the streets on boats.

Pyatnitskaya street April 12, 1908

Photo: pastvu.com

Photo: pastvu.com

On Balchug they traded imported goods: food, clothing, and household items arrived in Moscow by water and went to the shops. Here you could buy fish, flour, building materials, and meat at wholesale prices. So in 1910, in the fish store of the merchant Bobkov, a real miracle appeared, which you can no longer find in today’s stores...

Bobkov's store (Balchug St., 5)

Merchant Bobkov exhibited a beluga weighing 1,152 kilograms caught in the Caspian Sea in his store! Muscovites came to the store as if to a museum - to look at a curiosity.

Photo: pastvu.com

Bobkov sold different types of caviar, salmon, and cod.

Balchug street and Bobkova store building (yellow)

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

Photo: pastvu.com

Cod was considered the healthiest fish. To prepare it, merchants' wives soaked the fish for four days in lye, then in lime, and then washed it with river water. To taste cod today, you don’t have to look for lime with lye, you just need to come to a restaurant: in the same building where all kinds of fish were sold 110 years ago, the Baltschug gastromarket . Cod is presented in the fish bistro “Treskat”. Interesting things on the menu include dumplings with cod and wild salmon and Caesar salad (also, of course, with cod).

Having eaten so much cod that our ears are cracking, we move on.

Zaryadye

To imagine what Zaryadye looked like a hundred years ago, you need to look at the photographs and use your imagination - the area has changed beyond recognition.

On the site of the park there was a lively Jewish district. In the 19th century, on the territory of Zaryadye there was a Glebovsky courtyard; Jewish merchants who came to Moscow with their goods temporarily settled here. Gradually, a community was formed in Zaryadye, a kind of Jewish center of Moscow. The area was not very comfortable to live in, even though it was in the very center. Jews crowded into the slums.

Zaryadye today

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

House-ship in old Zaryadye

Photo: anashina.com

Slums on the site of the current park

Photo: anashina.com

On every corner they were selling something and preparing food. We lived as if in a huge communal apartment: instead of entrances there were open, common staircases, everyone knew each other, and everyone in Zaryadye celebrated Jewish holidays.

The last houses of the real Zaryadye were destroyed several years ago. Among them is the modern apartment building of the merchant of the first guild, the Jew Zelik Persitsa.

Photo: skyscrapercity.com

Apartment building Zelika Persitsa, the last residential building in Zaryadye

GUM

Now everyone knows that GUM is a gingerbread-looking shopping center on Red Square, that GUM is the place to go for ice cream, luxury and Soviet nostalgia. Before the revolution, Muscovites did not even know any GUM, because then it was called the Upper Trading Rows.

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

The shopping arcades became a real merchant Mecca: for trade, everything here was equipped with the latest fashion and technology. The building was built in pseudo-Russian style (otherwise known as “historicism” style), tenants and buyers were treated to huge glass display windows, heating, running water and even a fountain with water from an artesian well. The warehouses for goods were so huge that they formed an entire underground street. A small railway was built right in the dungeons to transport goods.

Of course, the trading sections here were occupied by the best representatives of the Moscow merchant class, suppliers of the Imperial Court: it smelled of Brocard’s fragrant “Amber” soap, girls crowded around the shops with the most fashionable dresses, and respectable gentlemen chose elite tea.

Photo: pastvu.com

Brocard perfume store

Photo: pastvu.com

If you go from Ilyinka to the 1st line of GUM and immediately turn left, you will see a Burberry store, and before the revolution, the legendary Apricots store was located here.

Photo: pastvu.com

Decoration of the Apricots shop in the Upper Trading Rows

The Abrikosovs knew how to attract attention to their sweets from both adults and children. For kids, they produced candies with images of plants, animals and birds with descriptions. The children collected them and, of course, demanded that their parents buy more candy “for a complete collection.”

Photo: yarkremlin.ru

Candy wrapper “Expectation”

The Abrikosovs had their own intriguing marketing prepared for adults: the newspaper reported that only blondes worked in one Abrikosov store, and only brunettes in another. The curious rushed to take a look. And once you get to the store, it’s not a sin to buy something sweet for the table! These were the Moscow cunning merchants.

After the revolution, their shops will be taken away from them, and GUM will turn into a residential building with communal services. But that's a completely different story. For now, we leave the Upper Trading Rows and move on.

Exchange

Where there is a stock exchange, there is money, and where there is money, there are merchants. It was pre-revolutionary entrepreneurs who worked hard for the emergence of a full-fledged stock exchange in Moscow.

Trade deals were concluded on the stock exchange, contracts were signed, securities were traded on the stock exchange, and here one could purchase shares of mutual partnerships or invest in some new but promising enterprise. To visit the stock exchange meant to belong to the merchant elite. Some small shoe store owner had nothing to do here. Here, issues were resolved by large financial players; the entry requirement was high—in total, less than 500 people visited the exchange.

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

If in St. Petersburg the stock exchange was a space for making transactions, then in Moscow it was used more as an elite merchant club. Merchants of the first guild and industrialists came here to discuss city news, gossip, and just see each other and remind people of themselves. After the stock exchange meeting, they went together to have breakfast. More than a century ago, major agreements and major transactions were discussed during breakfast, over a cup of coffee.

The merchants spoke the same language: they had their own merchant words, a kind of trading jargon: “lazh” - profit from a deal, “gray merchant” - a poor entrepreneur, “draw” - to go on a spree, to go on a binge. Foreign words were also gradually mixed in (merchants sometimes wanted to sound like nobles).

We will end our walk with two artifacts that are invisible to the eye of a simple passerby. The first one is hiding here, on Birzhevaya Square.

The house of the merchant community and the square on the site of the church

On the right side of the facade of the luxurious house of the Merchant Society (8 Ilyinka St., building 2) there is a plaque that turned 130 years old this year. Very few such historical inscriptions have survived in Moscow.

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

On the site of the current park (in the area of ​​Ilyinka, 15) there was the Big Cross Church, built with the money of the Filatiev merchants. It was demolished in 1933.

Photo: pastvu.com

In 2022, the foundation of that very church was discovered, namely a 300-year-old white stone - the foundation of the church. In memory of the destroyed shrine, it was decided to conditionally repeat the outline of the foundation on the lawn with granite, and on the sidewalk with a tile pattern.

Photo: “Top Top Moscow”

So another small detail appeared in the city, referring to Moscow history, and also becoming a reminder of how much the Moscow merchants did for the city and for us.

The text was prepared with the project “Top Top Moscow”.

Examples of merchant style house designs

A striking example of a modern building of the style in question is project No. 10-40

. The ground floor is made of classic brick, and above there is a three-story log house with mandatory lighting not only on the 3rd, but also on the 2nd floor. The high porch with richly decorated posts and railings is complemented by a second-floor balcony in the same style.

The building has a large number of eaves overhangs, thanks to the lanterns in the lights and the canopy over the porch. All of them are finished carefully and with high quality, which gives the building a stylish and expensive look.

Another example of such a cottage is the project №11-72

. It is not combined, since the walls are made of wood. However, thanks to the finishing of the ground floor with decorative stone, the building is fully consistent with the merchant style. Other characteristic features:

• simple gable roof with hemmed cornice;
• high porch;
• a balcony made in the same style;
• obligatory light on the second floor.

The simplest version of a merchant mansion is represented by project No. 10-46

. It consists of two log houses placed side by side. The basement is finished with artificial stone, the cornices are hemmed, and the rooms on the second floor are illuminated thanks to the presence of three large windows. All these are features inherent in merchant private buildings.

The recreation of the Russian style, so colorful and diverse, is increasingly of interest not only to patriotic owners, but also to Western designers. And if for the latter this style is a tribute to exotic fashion, then only a Russian person can truly appreciate the heritage of their ancestors and the unique atmosphere of the premises created in the Russian style recognizable throughout the world in the interior of a house or apartment.

This popular trend is constantly being rethought by designers to maximize the comfort of the owners. Traditional values ​​make it possible to experience nature at home due to the abundance of wood and the absence of plastic. This is a timeless style, ideas for which you can get from photos or trust your intuition, trying to combine decorative and color elements for an individual result.

How to reproduce the ambience of a noble estate in a modern interior

Where to start
Modesty, respect for history and the right choice of location are the main key factors for a successful Russian estate.

To reproduce the noble atmosphere, great attention should be paid to architecture. If we are talking about a country house, there is no need to build a palace with Gothic turrets - a modest two-story building will be enough (remember the old writers' dachas in Peredelkino). Be sure to take care of a spacious, bright veranda, and a mezzanine, a superstructure over the central part of the house, would be appropriate.

The definitions “homey” and “family” are perfectly suited to Russian estate interiors. The house is full of heirlooms and nice trinkets that are uniquely important to your family. In Soviet times, with slight disdain in their voices, they were called petty bourgeois. Today they feel slightly nostalgic. And consciously, with the help of decor, they try to reproduce the emotion corresponding to the time.

Decorating techniques

Coziness, comfort, measured lifestyle - this is the philosophy of the noble style. For so many years it has not changed at all and is relevant even in modern interiors.

First of all, you cannot do without the right layout (the ideal option is a house built at the turn of the century), natural materials, vintage items and a certain aura - it is difficult to create artificially, but walls that preserve the memory of the past will be the key to this atmosphere.

Then wallpaper or even fabric appears on them. On the floor there is stacked parquet, waxed to a mirror shine. Accessories and decorations will include paintings, stained glass, lamps with soft textile lampshades.

You can also go to a flea market or rummage through your grandmother's chest, since the starting point of this style is things passed down from generation to generation.

To achieve authenticity, things found in the attic - a hairpin, a teaspoon, a cigarette case or a crystal decanter - do not even have to be specially aged.

By the way, fabrics in the chosen style will be appropriate on the walls. Previously, textile fabric was often used to cover log or plank walls in estates.

You can safely replace them with wallpaper with a floral pattern that imitates printed fabrics. And remember that floral patterns are one of the characteristic features of a Russian estate and noble interior (this feels close to the classic English interior). The wallpaper pattern can be repeated on curtains and tablecloths - such a decorative move will create the so-called “box effect”.

Real oven

For greater effect, we strongly recommend decorating the stove with tiles (coated with multi-colored layers of glaze, ceramic tiles, often depicting pastoral scenes). They will not only add beauty to the object, but will also help retain heat longer. By the way, tiled art appeared in Rus' back in the 10th century; Today it is in some decline, but you can find decent pottery workshops and original examples.

A stove in a city apartment can successfully replace a fireplace. Moreover, electric, in this case, is not the best choice. If it is not possible (or permission from utility services) to make a full-fledged chimney, give preference to a false fireplace, in which large white candles will replace the live fire. They will also help create the right mood.

Windows and pastoral views

You will definitely have to forget about plastic - to emphasize the authentic atmosphere, you should choose wooden frames.

When decorating a window, you should take into account not only the dimensions of the room and the geometry of the opening itself, but also the view opening onto the street. The style of a noble estate is conducive to naturalness, to nature: fresh greenery, the scent of lilac, the aroma of fresh apples. Therefore, if your window overlooks a grove or a slightly abandoned garden (whether you live - in a noisy city or a quiet village), you don’t have to cover it with curtains at all. Or give preference to classic curtains with openwork tulle, decorating them with a soft flowing lambrequin.

Don’t try to turn your nice and cozy garden into a regular French one, with shaped lawns, or, by cutting down old trees and bushes, fill it with alpine slides. All the charm and romance of the “noble” garden lies in the fact that it looks a little abandoned. Even if this is achieved artificially by the skillful hands of landscape designers.

A noble estate is a house with a pedigree, filled with carefully preserved, dear to the heart objects that are worth displaying and of which you want to be proud. This is a house where a large and friendly family gathers, whose members may be a little conservative, but they respect traditions and live in love and harmony with each other.

If you are imbued with this spirit, you can build your own - a real noble nest.

SHARE WITH US IN THE COMMENTS...
What, in your opinion, are the distinctive features of Russian pre-revolutionary interiors? What techniques will help you repeat it in a new house or apartment?

Variety of designs - ascetic hut

There are several basic concepts for embodying the Russian style. The interpretation can be extremely complete and then the result is a Russian hut. There are certain features:

• maximum environmental friendliness;
• colorfulness, even a certain “popularity”, “fabulousness”;
• the texture of wood is usually emphasized and complemented by metal: tin, cast iron, brass;
• sufficient area so that each significant object stands out;
• rough furnishings.

Interesting are the objects that seem to have come from time immemorial, such as wooden chests, kitchen grips, pots, jugs, and other hand-made folk crafts. It is only important to stop in time in pursuit of decorativeness and think about practical use.

Russian hut is a rustic trend, extremely natural, unprocessed. But not everyone feels comfortable in such interiors, especially for a long time. Therefore, there is a more refined version - a Russian tower with slightly adapted, modernized external characteristics.

Where is it appropriate?

It is unrealistic to make a completely Russian hut in an apartment. Externally there can be no talk of this; inside there will only be some kind of stylization. Apartment owners will be able to add some directional features; many stop there. They decide to waste time on completely stylizing their home.

This is suitable for a log house in the interior. In this type of housing it is appropriate to place familiar elements. No one forbids using it in the interior of a wooden house; the inside will look quite harmonious.

Improved variation - tower

The dacha is now associated with pleasant moments, the opportunity to relax, and take a short trip. It’s not difficult to take an excursion into history, because changes and improvements are precisely aimed at enjoying the flavor without interrupting a comfortable pastime.

The upgrade applies to all wooden surfaces - they become smoother and carefully finished. Varnish, polishing, painting are allowed; parquet appears. The emphasis is on exquisite, fine carvings and ornaments. Mosaic design is present in the decoration of walls and floors.

Decorative elements also undergo changes for a more spectacular transformation:

• items are carefully painted;
• gilding, embossing - decorate many planes;
• clocks, paintings, mirrors on the walls no longer look like alien components;
• textiles - acquire delicate embroidery with decoration in the form of silver, gilded threads, beads, and pearls.

The furniture is more modern - even in the photo you can see the appearance of sofas, armchairs and those objects that, laconically fitting into the interior, are more familiar in everyday life. A simple shape, upholstery with a suitable fabric are signs that the soft group will take root in the design.

The estate is chic and original

A touch of chic without pretense of authenticity - this is how you can characterize the opportunity to create an original, spectacular, comfortable interior. The noble estate is a colorful classic style with regularity, symmetry, the use of expensive materials and objects - witnesses of a bygone era.

Folk traditions are quite consistent with the introduced foreign elements:

• It is quite acceptable to paint the ceiling, stucco molding, which is very effectively reflected in the ornament of the luxurious carpet on the floor;
• Wooden furniture, possibly with gilding, upholstered chairs;
• Upholstering walls with fabric or wallpaper that imitates it is a popular technique that adds coziness;
• Porcelain is everyday tableware, and exceptionally successful examples of plates are on the wall of the dining area as expressive decor;
• Complex baguettes, candelabra - measured, but very expressive;
• Floral and plant patterns are repeated many times.

Advice. In the concept of a Russian estate, Italian furniture, French tapestries and other signs of “overseas” are quite acceptable.

Frivolous attitude

If you don’t want to spend time in an environment reminiscent of a museum or souvenir shop, bring only a touch of recognition through associations, and perhaps stereotypes. Numerous decorative items made from modern materials allow you to effectively fit them into almost any interior. A mirror framed with a baguette imitating wooden frames is appropriate for a loft and a true Russian style.

Bast shoes, nesting dolls, samovars, birch bark are recognizable always and everywhere. Create “a la Russe” only through ancient accents and folklore motifs - why not? Many designers reject this concept, considering it too deliberate and filled with cliches. But there is nothing wrong with souvenirs if they reflect your mood, impressions, perhaps memories of pleasant moments or interesting trips.

It is not necessary to recreate “literally” any one era, although there are distinctive features from a historical point of view:

Khokhloma, Gzhel - being expressive and original in themselves, are not considered fashionable unless special conditions are created for them - an unusual place of reproduction, non-standard art objects. The main thing is not to overdo it with their quantity and color compatibility with the rest of the environment.

Color and pattern are one

Many photos of Russian-style interiors do not give the impression of being monochromatic and monochrome. The active addition of a variety of colors, quite rich and noticeable, adds accents that allow the interior to look more lively and dynamic.

There are stable, win-win combinations:

• white + blue – the impression of weightlessness;
• gold + red + black – luxurious Khokhloma;
• green + red + blue on a beige, linen background - an original ornament.

Among the variety of presented options for such a recognizable interior of a Russian hut, take a closer look at the photo: you will easily find particularly attractive drawings. Golden-ocher tones diluted with white and red are the main ones for this trend. Interiors in the spirit of princely chambers and towers demonstrate much greater diversity of colors. For a Russian-style estate, the color embodiment may include rich tones of individual elements - crimson, lilac, blue-green.

What features does it have?

Each direction has its own characteristics in the interior, in which this direction surpasses almost all. The main features are naturalness and comfort. The following properties help it stand out:

Most people love it for its closeness to nature and the use of natural materials. Various types of wood look beautiful in natural colors or painted. Use stone and natural textiles. Completely free of polyvinyl chloride or plastic, the room, decorated in Russian style, is considered completely environmentally friendly.

Minimal processing

Keep every detail to a minimum level. This allows you to appear before a practical person in its original form. This processing method preserves the texture of the Russian style in the interior.

Availability of handmade accessories

In the form of a “Russian hut”, accessories can highlight a home, making it special. These include wooden kitchen utensils, tablecloths and other household items used in those days. Just note that all accessories must be in harmony, otherwise it will just be a set of parts.

It deserves special attention; it allows you to distinguish your premises from others. Correctly selected colors will help to properly hide equipment that is not welcome in the Russian style. For example, you can decorate a house according to the “princely mansion” principle, using rich colors. If you want to create a cozy apartment that looks like a “Russian hut”, you should not use bright colors, just red and white.

Exclusively wooden furniture

One of the main features of the style. Additionally, you can apply carvings to regular furniture.

Decoration and furnishings

Various types of wood, such as cherry, birch, ash and pine, vary greatly in both texture and budget, and real solid wood (especially oak) can seem hefty in price. Lightening completely wooden surfaces is not only aesthetically attractive, but can also be practical.

Companion materials for surface finishing:

• Tiles. Finishing part of the wall in the fireplace area, culinary area of ​​​​the kitchen.
• Bleached plaster will add light and space.
• Natural stone (granite, marble) - emphasizes the structure of wood.

Creative owners will love the idea of ​​aging or resuscitating suitable designs themselves. Modern improvised means (there are even ready-made kits, for example, for decoupage), varnishes and paints with all sorts of effects (craquelure, patina) take the process to a new level. They allow you to create on your own that very valuable antique object that gives the room a special flavor: a china rack, a chest of drawers, a wardrobe, a chest.

Advice. Think about not just niches, but screens and doors that hide the necessary equipment for complete compliance and harmony.

For a kitchen in this unique design, manufacturers have provided solid wood furniture (or so-called solid wood), which:

• they will hide behind their facades small and large household appliances that stand out from the concept;
• for the hood, the requirements are taken into account - the shape of the chimney or a special box that hides a modification that is no longer relevant.
• household appliances in retro style, calm colors with copper and brass fittings.

Lighting is important and necessary

This can become a serious problem if the interior involves permanent residence. The abundance of wood does not have the best effect on the level of illumination - surfaces, especially those not alternating with white plaster, absorb rays of light, making the interior a little gloomy, especially in an apartment with low ceilings.

What you should pay attention to in this case:

• The presence of large windows that will not allow the interior of living rooms to turn into a bathhouse.
• Lightening areas with paint, whitewashing, because white reflects light better than others.
• Active LED lighting, which saves interiors from dim lighting, is excluded.

The following will help you avoid disturbing the authentic atmosphere:

• perforated lampshades simulating lace;
• lampshades with painting and embroidery;
• birch bark lampshades;
• imitation of candles, lamps.

For modern reading, designers have come up with enough solutions. For example, the latest trend is lamps resembling a matryoshka doll made of metal and glass. Even special retro wires can become an interesting accent, allowing historical achievements to be justified.

Advice. In the windows, all plastic elements must be replaced with wooden frames and supplemented with decorative shutters, if desired.

The curtains compensate for the simplicity of their forms with an ornament of flower garlands; lace ruffles are possible. Cornices, certainly wooden, with skillful carvings, will become an additional decoration.

The main features of the layout of rooms in a noble estate

The estate was necessarily divided into two halves. The smaller one contained rooms for servants, as well as various utility rooms and a kitchen. It was indecent for landowners to walk along the same corridors with servants. Therefore, in estates, almost all rooms were made through. That is, they had three doors, through one of them you could get into a long corridor, and through the other two into neighboring rooms. The owners walked “through wide doors,” that is, they very rarely used corridors, but simply walked through all the rooms to get to the one they needed. The servants walked along the corridors so as not to disturb the owners. A huge room was always allocated on the ground floor, making it a room for holding balls and banquets.

Also, in the noble estate, an entire room was allocated for a library. Of course, these features of noble estates are not relevant for modern times. Now there is absolutely no need to divide the house into half for the “master” and half for the servants. Also, no one is making huge ballrooms now. Instead, on the ground floor you can make a spacious living room with a fireplace, which can be combined with a dining room.

How to build your own house in the style of a noble estate:

• First of all, you need to develop an individual project for the future cottage or choose your favorite one from the existing ones.
• It is very important to choose the right plot of land for construction. It must be in a picturesque and quiet place. It is very desirable to have a river, lake or at least a small pond nearby. It will be great if a small pond is on the territory; it can be turned into a “highlight” of your future family estate.
• A house in the style of a noble estate must be decorated with columns. They are made not only on the facade of the building, but also in the living room. Such a house seems to “dissolve in time.” In a few years, guests who see your estate for the first time will be sure that it is ancient and passed on to you by inheritance. But to create such an effect, you need to abandon the use of “technogenic” building materials. For example, there should be no plastic, windows should only be wooden.
• You need to take care not only about the convenient layout of the rooms, but also about making the façade of your estate unique. It needs to be made a real masterpiece of architectural art. If you wish, you can borrow some elements by looking at photographs of estates you like, but never completely copy the façade decoration. Wood carving will look luxurious. Don’t worry that the wood will crack and turn black in a few years; there are a huge number of special antifungal impregnations, as well as varnishes that will protect the wood from moisture for many years, while leaving its beauty exposed. It is now very easy to make stucco decorations thanks to modern materials. For this, ready-made patterns and foam products are used, which are glued in the right place; they require mandatory finishing. Also, to decorate the facade, there are ready-made stucco elements made of gypsum. They are attached with special glue, as they are quite heavy.
• The main and most spacious room in such a house should be the living room. It must have a fireplace made of stone in order to create a unique coziness and emphasize the architectural style you have chosen.
• A house built in the style of a noble estate should look ancient, but at the same time it can and should have modern air conditioning, plumbing, lighting and other systems.
• A manor house must be very cozy and warm, for this you need to use modern thermal insulation materials.

• Take care not only of the appearance of the cottage, but also of the interior of the rooms. Agree, it will be quite strange if from the outside the house looks like an old manor, but inside it is decorated in a minimalist, hi-tech or loft style. The interior should not contain any signs of “technogenic civilization”. Be responsible when choosing furniture and decor. Ideally, they should be antique; now it is not a problem to purchase real antique furniture in excellent condition. But new modern furniture is also quite suitable, but all of it should be made in an antique style. Chandeliers must be luxurious and massive in a “noble” style. Lamps with candle-shaped bulbs are ideal. The best decorative elements will be all kinds of antique items.
• In the living room you can make huge windows from ceiling to floor. They need to be curtained with plain curtains with lambrequins and large tassels made of thick threads.
• Pay special attention to the arrangement of the area around your estate. There must be a gazebo in the yard, made in the same style as the facade. You can also make a small fountain or waterfall. Be sure to take care of the beautiful night lighting of the yard, install lanterns that will look like antique ones. If there is a small pond in the yard, you can throw a bridge across it with wrought iron railings.
• Take care of creating a beautiful landscape design. To emphasize the style of an old noble estate, be sure to plant ornamental bushes along the paths, which will need to be trimmed regularly, giving them a neat shape.

Home

No style accommodates such a diverse range of designs for stoves and fireplaces as Russian. In addition to the aesthetic superiority from the presence of this immutable attribute, in modern design the home includes additional functionality - zoning, especially with a combined kitchen-living room layout.

But for each direction you should adhere to the following recommendations:

• Russian hut is an imitation or a real version of an ancient whitewashed stove. An indispensable rustic touch is the firewood rack;
• Terem - tiles, and some collections are represented by extremely reliable aged copies, excluding the appearance of a remake;
• Russian estate - the fireplace portal can be made of stone; A potbelly stove is a non-trivial option.

No less important are the accompanying items of the fireplace area - copper products imitating bark, all kinds of forged accessories.

What varieties are known?

It has one important feature - the presence of three directions. Some of them will look ridiculous even in a typical home with this atmosphere. That is why when working with a room, take into account the nuances of each of them. Each has its own characteristics in the Russian style in the interior, which are worth considering in more detail.

Russian hut

It is quite difficult to decorate an apartment in this direction; the overall appearance will look ridiculous, so it is ideal for country houses. It doesn’t matter at all whether you live in this house permanently or come to take a break from the noisy city. Basic principle: minimum technology – maximum natural materials. A house of this type should be a continuation of nature.

Russian style in the interior cannot do without wood; here it is the basis of everything. Boards with an aged effect will look great. Instead of plastic windows, install wooden frames with swing shutters. If you absolutely do not want to give up plastic windows, style them as wood.

Wood is the basis of Russian style

It was customary to welcome guests in the hut and eat food in the upper room. In the modern world, it serves simultaneously for eating and relaxing. This explains the fact that the upper room has always been the brightest and most spacious room. In this place there should be a large stove, which will find a place even in a modern design, a table and a corner with icons. The stove is used immediately for cooking food, storing basic utensils and beautifully decorating the kitchen and dining room. It looks great in the style of a Russian mansion.

It is worth paying special attention to the bedroom and the main element – ​​the bed. It must be decorated with duvets, many small pillows and a huge amount of textiles. In the Russian style, they used to actively sew from scraps; nowadays this technique is called patchwork. Now this technology is used in Russia in many other areas and by residents from other countries. This makes shopping for a colorful blanket easier.

It is advisable to decorate the bed with pillows and bedspreads

The upper room must have a stove or fireplace

Russian style in the interior looks very beautiful and harmonious

People's Tower

This Russian style in the interior is worth using if you love luxury and wealth. Patterns of the brightest colors, chests with all the riches and other pieces of furniture characteristic of the nobility and in the general style of Russian Rococo - these elements must be placed in your home if you decide to decorate it in the “terem” direction. The nobles lived in their own world, which is why they were characterized by special style features with their own decorative elements.

This direction is closest to modern types of design. Walls in the Russian style are decorated with various types of fabrics or some types of wallpaper. The floors are covered with parquet and covered with beautiful and luxurious carpets. If rough furniture is used in a country house, here you can freely place armchairs and sofas in the house.

Important! If you are installing armchairs, the upholstery must be chosen only from high-quality fabric in the style of a Russian mansion. It's worth spending a little to buy quality fabric, but it looks very beautiful and complements the atmosphere of the room.

For good lighting, buy a large crystal chandelier. Please note: it is necessary to buy large chandeliers; in those days they were considered an indicator of a certain status of the owner of the house. In this case, metal elements are imitated into gold. It is recommended to decorate the rooms with brocade.

Icons and towels were often hung on the walls

In Russian style you need to use only natural materials

A la russe

This Russian style in the interior most accurately reflects national motifs. This explains the incredible popularity of “a la russe” in other countries of the world. When arranging your home, use nesting dolls, balalaikas, samovars and other attributes loved by tourists. One of the most controversial trends: some consider it vulgar to decorate a room this way, others happily use folk motifs.

Important! Use only those things that have practical value, otherwise your home will turn into Plyushkin’s house.

In the Russian style, many people use the ornament separately or only as accessories. Even in the modern world, there must be painted dishes in the house, from which it will be pleasant to eat yourself and treat guests. At that time, it was popular to decorate porcelain dinner sets with paintings in floral motifs. This tradition has not gone away over time, so you can use this technique both on holidays and in everyday life.

This Russian style in the interior most accurately reflects national motifs

Use only things that have value

In the Russian style, many people use the ornament separately or only as accessories.

A crazy bright and effective element in the interior of this trend can certainly be called lace. The first lace sparkled incredibly, because it was woven from gold and silver threads. Nowadays it is quite difficult to find such lace. If you still want to purchase this particular option, buy Vologda lace. Don't be afraid to use napkins, tablecloths and curtains to serve as luxurious accessories in your home.

Before you start decorating, think carefully about the design.

Lace was often used in Russian style

Fabric is an indicator of style

Upholstery of furniture groups, pillows, curtains - you don’t have to make a long choice, because manufacturers offer ready-made collections. Sometimes even with names that help you make a decision: Firebird, Sadko. Paradoxically, Russian linen is actively offered by foreign companies, which once again confirms the relevance of this design.

All kinds of tablecloths, napkins for the dining area, lace decor, embroidery, tapestries, homespun rugs - those attributes that some time ago they dreamed of getting rid of as a relic of the past are actively represented in many design projects. Now they are considered entourage things, without which this style will look unfinished. They encourage you to try to realize your creative potential in order to be especially proud of the final result in the future.

Russian style in the interior with the help of modern materials can be made so diverse and original, especially by listening to your personal needs. A royal mansion, a classic estate or a modest hut - everyone determines the degree of their adaptation. After all, the most important thing in any interior is that it reflects the character of the owners and helps them relax and recuperate. With the help of this direction it is quite easy to implement this, while at the same time becoming the owner of a particularly fashionable design for your country house or apartment.

Initially, this style, unique to Russia, was a rather “rich” design. As the name implies, only very rich people could afford “merchant” apartments, which is why special luxury and gloss were the main attribute of the created image. The period of origin and main influence of this style is considered to be the 17th century.

Typically, “merchant” houses were two-story. The first floor, as a rule, was made of stone, and the second floor was lined with wood and luxuriously decorated. Lime was used to finish the walls of the first buildings.

Features inherent in both the external facade and the internal style are pretentiousness, elegance and “festivity”. Initially, too rich decoration could border on clumsiness and, at first glance, “inappropriate” elements, but this gave the buildings a unique and original look.

In Murom, as in any other merchant city, civil buildings of the 18th-19th centuries have been preserved, mainly the estates and mansions of Murom merchants and merchant women.
Unfortunately, many ancient buildings were destroyed, because after large fires at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. the city was completely rebuilt. KRASNOARMEYSKAYA STREET

From the Ermakov estate you can walk along Uspenskaya Street (modern Krasnoarmeyskaya Street). The street is small, it is closed on both sides by church buildings: on the one hand, the Annunciation and Trinity Monasteries, on the other, the Assumption (St. George) Church, built in 1792 at the expense of the merchant Dmitry Ivanovich Likhonin. This is one of the few streets of modern Murom, which to some extent has preserved the mood and appearance of the district town of the beginning. XX century There are one-story houses with a rustic look “with three windows”, and two-story houses with a wooden top and a stone bottom. Such half-stone houses were very convenient both for living and for running your own business or craft. Nearby is the Shtapsky ravine (or Uspensky - after the name of the temple). Rich stone mansions stand out among the ordinary buildings on Krasnoarmeyskaya Street (formerly Uspenskaya). One of them (25 Krasnoarmeyskaya St.) belonged to the hereditary honorary citizen Fyodor Vasilyevich Suzdaltsev. This beautiful two-story house with columns is still the decoration of the entire street. Fyodor Vasilyevich bought it in 1846. There are practically no houses of this type left in Murom. The owner of the house F.V. Suzdaltsev was engaged in the linen and bread trade and had a linen establishment. In 1848 he was elected burgomaster to the magistrate, and then city mayor (from 1857 to 1859). The position of mayor was held by his father Vasily Timofeevich and older brother Ivan.

St. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 25. House of merchant Zvorykin, XIX century. St. Krasnoarmeyskaya, 27. House of merchant Zvorykin, XIX century. (in municipal ownership).

PERVOMAISKAYA STREET

Modern Pervomayskaya Street in Murom stretches from north to south for more than two kilometers. It originates from the ancient administrative center of the city - the Kremlin over the Oka. Parallel to it is located one of the central artels of the city - st. Lenin. In the 17th century, after the city had long ago lost its significance as a military outpost and the Kremlin had fallen into disrepair, the Nikolo-Zaryadskaya Church was built on its northwestern side. From her the street was called Nikolskaya. Many centuries passed over the street, but the winds of time changed its appearance little. And the easier it is to mentally imagine the events of long ago, which the old street witnessed. Some hundred years ago, on Pervomaiskaya only certain blocks were once covered with cobblestones. On the road and on the sidewalks, not only passers-by, but also horses and carts got stuck in the mud. But for several decades now, the roadway has been covered with asphalt. Over time, the appearance changed. In the south, some tiny wooden houses fell to the onslaught of builders. A deep ravine stretched from the river to the middle of the street. Postal routes from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod and Siberia ran along its bottom. Along Nikolskaya they went out onto Moskovskaya and out of the city towards Moscow. In October 1790, A.N. was taken to Siberian exile along this street. Radishcheva. Dishonored, sick, shackled, he saw life around him that confirmed he was right. In 1826, along this same mournful road, the wives of the Decembrists, exiled to Siberia, went to hard labor to join their husbands. The princely carriages carried E.I. Trubetskoy, M.N. Volkonskaya, A.G. Muravyov. Along the same road, 23-year-old A.I. went into exile, separated from his family and fiancée. Herzen. In several places, the street blocks recede deeper into the area. Here, at the intersection with Komsomolskaya Street, since those ancient times, when one of the water booths, built along with the water supply system in the Middle Ages, stood here. XIX century, a wasteland was formed. In the 60s In the 20th century they tried to turn it into a youth park, but it didn’t work out. This place changed and became one of the remarkable corners of the city after they decided to install here a bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor Rostislav Apollosovich Belyakov.

Zworykin House

Address: st.
Pervomaiskaya, 4 The Zvorykin House is the main building of the Murom Historical and Art Museum. Three-story mansion with a mezzanine from the 19th century. - one of the largest and most beautiful houses in the city. A world-famous scientist, “the father of television,” Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin (1889-1982) was born and spent his youth here. There is a memorial plaque installed in the Zvorykin mansion in Murom, and a monument is located in front of his home. For a long time, the Zvorykins’ house housed exhibitions on the history and culture of Murom. The building is currently closed due to upcoming reconstruction. House of the Zvorykins See Monuments of Murom.
Former City Council building

Address: st. Pervomaiskaya, 6 The Art Gallery is another remarkable building. It is located next to the Zvorykins’ house and occupies a two-story building from the early 19th century. (1815), which previously belonged to the City Duma. The exhibition of the art gallery presents the best art collections of the museum. Based on the collection of Russian and Western European art of the 17th - 19th centuries. lies the collection of Counts Uvarov from their Karacharov estate, the Red Mountain Estate (Kirova St.). In the gallery, visitors will be able to see family portraits, collectible furniture, porcelain, as well as paintings by Russian and Western European masters, located in Karacharovo.

Art Gallery

Gladkov's house. XIX century st. Pervomaiskaya, 10

Alexander Konstantinovich Gladkov House of Likhonin merchants, 1816 st. Pervomaiskaya, 14

House of merchant Voshchinin, 1846 st. Pervomaiskaya, 22 The building of the merchant Myazdrikov's trading shop. XX century st. Pervomaiskaya, 5 Building of the Voytas employee store, 20th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 11

House of the merchant Kiselev, XVII-XIX centuries. st. Pervomaiskaya, 23

In the middle of the 19th century, the house belonged to the merchant Ivan Vasilyevich Kiselev (1830-1909). At that time his family was engaged in the grain trade. On January 19, 1909, a venerable old man died - Hereditary Honorary Citizen Ivan Vasilyevich Kiselev, who served as ktitor of the Exaltation of the Cross, mountains. Murom, churches for 30 years. For his zealous service and for his concern for the splendor of his parish church, he was most mercifully awarded the title of Hereditary Honorary Citizen and awarded a silver medal to be worn around his neck on a Stanislav ribbon. I.V. was known in the city as a true Christian, a strict follower of the commandments of God and the statutes of St. churches. An outstanding feature of his character was his submission to the will of God and the humility with which he endured the sorrows that befell him; and there were quite a few of them in his life; suffice it to say that he buried three sons and two daughters - at a flourishing age and humbly, like the righteous Job, endured such losses. After the death of Ivan Vasilyevich, the widow Maria Dmitrievna Kiseleva had to rent out rooms in the house in order to recoup the maintenance costs. In 1914, by decision of the city duma, a private men's gymnasium for Lesyuk, a former mathematics teacher, was opened in this building. The progymnasium differed from others in that education did not cost money. Here the boys learned to read, write and learned several obligatory prayers. This is where the history of the house begins, as a place called to teach and raise children. He did not lose his calling even after the ban on private schools in 1921. House of Pioneers. This is what this building was called after the closure of the gymnasium until recently. And this status was assigned to him until the reorganization on October 1, 1990. The House of Pioneers hosted an art studio, aircraft modeling, modeling, “Young Travelers”, “Young Fishers” and drama clubs. Since 1952, cutting and sewing circles began to operate at the House of Pioneers, in which 150 girls studied. Over the 20 years since the House of Pioneers began its work, the number of clubs has tripled, and the number of children has increased almost fivefold. In the 90s, this building was the home of technical creativity. However, due to the need for reconstruction, on March 25, 2008, the Council of People's Deputies decided to sell the house into private ownership at auction. The reconstruction plan was drawn up by the Department and, since this is an architectural monument, was agreed upon with the Vladimir Inspectorate for Objects of General Cultural Heritage. The owner's original plan was to use the second floor as living quarters and equip the first floor as a cafe. All that remains of the House of Pioneers is the name. Thanks to the “efforts” of the owner, the house was left without windows, roof and load-bearing walls.

House of the tradesman Serebrennikov of the 20th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 31

Tent of the merchant Myazdrikov, 19th century. st. Pervomaiskaya, 37

House of merchant Kiselev, 1860 st. Pervomaiskaya, 39

House of the Shvedov-Karatygins

On the former Blagoveshchenskaya Street (now Timiryazev Street, 3) stands one of the most interesting houses in the city. Abandoned to the mercy of fate and forgotten by everyone, it makes a depressing impression, gaping with the empty eye sockets of broken windows. Old-timers call it “Karatygin’s House”. However, in local history literature, the former mansion of the Karatygin merchants is mentioned only with the proclamation of Soviet power. Few people know that in 1875 the Murom Real School was located there. For a long time nothing was known about the fate of the house and its owners. Archival research has shown that the Karatygin House has a very interesting history. Initially, the house belonged to the merchant of the first guild, Grigory Aleksandrovich Shvedov. G.A. Shvedov was born in 1804. First he lived in Vladimir, and then in Orenburg. Having accumulated capital, in 1831 he joined the merchants of the second guild of Simbirsk. Four years later G.A. Shvedov became a merchant of the first guild. In 1835, together with his family, the merchant moved to Stavropol, and two years later - to Murom. On May 17, 1837, becoming a Murom merchant, G.A. Shvedov acquires a plot of land in the 16th block on Blagoveshchenskaya Street and builds a beautiful house. Below, in the ravine, there was a linen factory, purchased on September 29, 1836. Three years later, Shvedov’s factory was considered one of the best in the city. About its owner, local historian A.A. Titov wrote enthusiastically: “Merchant G.A. Shvedov, having again set up the factory in the best possible way, promises good success in this manufacturing industry based on his capital and knowledge of chemistry and mechanics.” It is also known that G.A. Shvedov was engaged in beet processing and sugar production. On May 13, 1843, the Senate elevated G.A. Shvedov and his family to hereditary honorary citizenship. The family of the merchant of the first guild was large: his wife Elena Ivanovna and five children - Peter (b. 1829), Mikhail (b. 1832), Elena (b. 1834), Nikolai (b. 1837), Anna (b. 1841) and Ivan ( born 1844). After the death of their father, the Shvedov brothers were unable to independently conduct trading operations. Gradually they went bankrupt. On December 7, 1862, the Shvedov family estate passed to the merchant of the third guild, Maxim Afanasyevich Karatygin. See Karatygin Ivan Maksimovich

House of the Shvedov-Karatygins

House of the Zhuravlevs

St. Vorovskogo, 2. Zhuravlev House. 1970–1975

For several years it stood homeless - with broken windows and boarded up doors, abandoned to the mercy of fate.

TRADE RANKS

Shopping arcades Square 1100th anniversary of Murom, 2

The shopping arcades in Murom were built in 1816. This is a fairly simple, classical structure, but not without the majesty that the arches and massive columns of the Doric order give it. Under the rows there were deep cellars with vaulted ceilings where grain was stored. The quality of construction of the shopping arcades is such that they have been able to withstand almost 200 years with virtually no repairs. The colorful shopping arcades appear repeatedly in various films. But being scenery in a movie is by no means their only or main function. There is still trade here, and behind the rows there is a large city market. The following facilities are located in this building: Central Library, Barin Cafe.

MOSKOVSKAYA STREET

Moskovskaya Street is the central street of Murom. Formed in the beginning. XIX century after the approval of the new city plan.

House of Merchants Golubev Exhibition Center St. Moskovskaya, 13

The exhibition center is located in a two-story mansion of the Golubev merchants of the 19th century, closing the first block of Moskovskaya Street. Temporary exhibitions are held in the Center's halls, and in the two large upper halls there is an exhibition dedicated to the history of the city. Here you can see both household items and sacred objects - icons, church utensils. See Historical and Art Museum of Murom.

St. Moskovskaya, 11

St. Moskovskaya, 9 St. Moskovskaya, 7

St. Moskovskaya, 5 House of the Voshchinin merchants. St. Moskovskaya, 2. Former "Children's World"

St. Moskovskaya, 4 House of merchants Zvorykins. House of the bourgeois Konstantinova (XIX century) St. Moskovskaya, 33

Old police building. “In the year 1743, the magistrate of the city of Murom established the first police chief office in the Vladimir province, which marked the beginning of the public order service.” Around this place, mass riots began on June 30, 1961. Nowadays it is the building of the Murom District Internal Affairs Directorate.

House of merchant I.V. Korshchikova

Address: st. Moskovskaya, 26 In 1886, the newspaper Sovremennye Izvestia, commenting on the progress of the investigation, wrote that the Murom merchant I.V. Korshchikov had a very dark reputation. The former beggar of the village of Karacharovo suddenly began to become rich. There was talk about selling counterfeit money. Back in the early 1880s. he bought two stone houses in Murom - on Rozhdestvenskaya Street (not preserved) and on Moskovskaya (No. 26). In 1885, yesterday's peasant became a merchant. It is known that initially I.V. Korshchikov was engaged in wine farming (one of the most profitable businesses in Russia). In the 1890s. merchant I.V. Korshchikov and his son Ivan owned a stone shop in Gostiny Dvor. Having accumulated capital in the wine business, by the end of the 90s. The Korshchikovs engaged in an equally profitable grain trade. After the death of the head of the family (he died in 1905), Mikhail Korshchikov began to manage trading affairs. In 1911 he owned nine bread shops.

City of Murom
Murom Park of Culture and Leisure named after. IN AND. Lenin. Park named after Yu.A. Gagarin. Youth Embankment Park in the city of Murom. Prokurorova Square in microdistrict. Verbovsky. Square of the 1100th anniversary of Murom Ermakov Square Monuments of the mountains. Murom Museums of the city of Murom. Emelyanov's House

Architectural features

• Form.
  Despite the traditional rectangular shape of the building itself, the rich stucco molding significantly transforms the appearance of the mansion. For the interior, the main characteristic is “baroque” and a richly furnished appearance.
• External "accessories".
  Decorating cornices, for example, with samovars, vases with flowers and various “curls” is a classic version of Russian merchant baroque. Attic pediments in a lush and wavy design are a frequent “showcase” of beauty.
• Color.
  As a rule, houses were painted red, terracotta, brown and ocher. You could also often find emerald and green shades of the walls. All stucco work on the façade was whitewashed or painted in a light gray color scheme.

The most characteristic manners of the merchant style:

• a combination of baroque “curly” motifs and ancient Russian ones, there are unique local architectural solutions;
• the framing of windows (including cornices and pediments) is characterized by floridity, pretentiousness and unconventional techniques, the complete opposite of the classical and strict style;
• the tastes of the merchant class took the form of the so-called “third Rococo”, which is characterized by a peculiar theatricality;
• pomp and originality.

Features of the modern merchant style

Houses in the “modern merchant style” are, first of all, large buildings with wide space and luxurious decoration. The main materials used are: natural stone, marble, gold (gilding). Our company has .

The interior is decorated in light colors. Lighting is provided by classic crystal chandeliers.

A fireplace in the living room is quite popular, where guests and family members gather, while a large rectangular table and wooden furniture are the most harmonious solution.

This unique architectural style has acquired some dramatic changes in our time. The main criteria are still chic and expensive design, which only wealthy people can afford. At the same time, the incompatibility of elements is no longer inherent in the style, only the “rich” component remains.

Russian style is a merchant's image.

“Good afternoon, Anna... ... It would be interesting to know what image you have about me. I've been thinking about this a lot lately. I have to raise large layers of memory in order to understand what I am in my essence, without superficial late ideas and standards...”

Hello, Valeria. I'll start with the very essence of your appearance. It combines natural and dramatic styles. Your aesthetic is closely related to the image of a merchant's wife.

The merchant's wife is a fairly simple image on the one hand, even somewhat “folk”, but on the other hand with a clearly expressed character and some chic.

This style can be found both in the “Russian” collection of Yves Saint Laurent in 1976, and in modern collections of Vyacheslav Zaitsev, Ulyana Sergeenko, Anastasia Romantsova and other designers.

Let's look at what nuances you can use to build such an image.

Hairstyle.

It's a definite plus that you have long hair.

They suit you very well.

They should be styled using various weaving elements and a low bun.

If you decide to dye your hair, then choose a dark, rich color like dark chocolate.

Makeup.

Makeup will suit you in a natural style.

In this case, drawn eyebrows are very important (naturally and softly - for example, with shadows)

because eyebrows are always our character.

Mascara, blush give the face freshness and lipstick of a natural reddish shade, which will emphasize the lips.

Fabrics that suit you should be soft (but not flabby),

such as cotton velvet, textured knitting, bouclé, thick knitwear, cambric, micro-corduroy, raw silk, voluminous colored lace, etc.

It can also be leather, suede, various furs.

An equally important role in your image is played by the choice of color .

Choose rich shades - emerald, pine, wine, dark red, deep blue, ivory, dark turquoise, ultramarine, indigo, raspberry, blue.

Drawings

Medium-sized floral patterns and floral prints in your color scheme will suit you,

for example, in the style of Pavloposad shawls.

As finishing, you can use cutwork or satin stitch embroidery, trim with braid, colored cotton lace, and fabric appliqués.

The forms of clothing that will suit you are dresses and skirts flared from the waist to knee length and maxi. As the owner of a triangle figure with the base up, will be very pleased with styles that create volume in the hips.

I recommend creating volume in the hips in all sets.

Basically, choose dress-skirt styles, but if you decide to wear trousers, they should be paired with a tunic with puffed sleeves and a round neckline.

Blouses are suitable with a wrap or soft in shape - peasant blouses (preferably colored) and the like.

Sports style, including its denim variations, will greatly forgive you,

because you have a very feminine and quite bright image. Denim will greatly wash out your brightness.

Bags are suitable for soft shapes - rounded, knitted, soft velvet, soft colored leather (embossed leather will also look beautiful) or suede, textile bags with a floral pattern. Evening bags can also be made of brocade.

Jewelry - pearls and their imitation (especially in combination with other stones and openwork metal inserts), beads, brooches, rings, openwork, twisted metal, openwork stone framing, forging, semi-precious stones, painted wood.

You have beautiful wrists - they should be decorated with bracelets in your style, which can be either wide or medium. Always pin the brooch to the place you want to draw attention to.

Shoes.

Look for a boot or shoe “with character”, slightly curved in shape, made of suede, leather or velor

deep shades - dark blue, wine, emerald, chocolate, burgundy, black (preferably in suede).

The heel is small, stable, and the toe is rounded.

Accessories

Richly patterned scarves are perfect as basic accessories (including Pavloposad ones, just choose interesting, multi-colored colors in your deep tones with a medium-sized pattern).

Small scarves can be tied on the head in various interesting ways, for example, like this.

Remember that even accessories , such as a belt or buttons, can make the most discreet ensemble spectacular and interesting.

This is the essence of your image. There is one thing to all this - BUT.

To this style after the age of 40 it is worth adding some restraint.

In addition, “The Merchant’s Wife” is a rather noble image; excessive “floridity” should be avoided, so that the style does not turn into “gypsy”.

For example, a rich print should be balanced with a restrained style, or, conversely, a rich, fluffy style should be implemented in a plain fabric.

The image as a whole should be built in the context of modern fabrics and styles, but accessories (jewelry, buttons, hairpins, etc.) can also be “antique.”

It is easier to sew clothes in your style to order or yourself, so that all the parameters match - fabric, color, pattern, shape.

Below I propose to look at several examples of a merchant image that can be easily applied in everyday life.

Instead of black flowers, choose dark blue, dark green or dark cherry.

Most importantly, don’t forget to add “merchant chic” and character to your daily looks with the help of accessories, prints and eye-catching colors and styles.

PS response to Valeria’s comment:

The merchant's image is decorative and elegant, there is no getting away from this. When trying to simplify it as much as possible and make it less noticeable and neutral, there is a great danger of going into a rustic style, which will greatly forgive your appearance.

Of course, there is no point in directly implementing the merchant style. It looks much more impressive if, inspired by a merchant’s wife, you style your outfits after her, as Ulyana Sergeenko and Anastasia Romantsova do. The image should not contain a direct reproduction, but rather a hint, as I have already shown above.

In your case, peasant blouses should be accompanied by a voluminous bottom in order to balance the dominant top in your figure . In addition, these should not be “peasant” blouses in light colors, with very simple lace, puff sleeves, etc., but more noble in shape, with a rich range of colors.

The blouses you tried on are too simple in color and style for you. They are more rustic in style. The red blouse on the right looks a little better, having a slight hint of drama, but carrying the element of a T-shirt, it also doesn't fit.

Compare these blouses below.

The first four are contraindicated for you, as they will be very forgiving.

And the next four will do.

Take a look at these scarves - they have completely different moods. Only the one on the right will suit you.

Compare the heroines of these paintings - they give off a completely different feeling - from one we feel simplicity and some originality, from the other we feel character and becoming.

Remember, it is impossible to build the image of a merchant’s wife using things in a rustic, “peasant” style.

And if a few years ago such a style might have seemed overly “decorative”, now the Russian merchant image is becoming more and more popular and relevant.

Be beautiful!

Your stylist and image maker, Anna Gore