Heating distribution manifold: principle of operation, rules for installing and connecting a water manifold with your own hands

The main feature by which a closed heating system differs from an open one is its isolation from the influence of the environment. This scheme includes a circulation pump that stimulates the movement of the coolant. The scheme is devoid of many of the disadvantages inherent in an open heating circuit.

You will learn all about the pros and cons of closed heating schemes by reading the article we have proposed. It thoroughly examines the device options, the specifics of the assembly and operation of closed-type systems. An example of hydraulic calculation is given for independent craftsmen.

The information presented for review is based on building regulations. To optimize the perception of a difficult topic, the text is supplemented with useful diagrams, collections of photos and video tutorials.

How does the collector block work?

The operating principle of this system is very simple:

• The collector block is an intermediate unit that evenly distributes coolant flows through the peripheral pipes.
• Sometimes distribution combs are additionally equipped with a locking lock, which allows you to regulate the pressure in the coolant circuits.
• Each collector, regardless of the manufacturer, has a supply comb through which the coolant is directed.

Water or other media is directed through connecting pipes to the circuits, then to the heating radiators. In this case, each heating circuit is isolated from each other.

Where is the security group placed?

The safety group is placed on the supply line of the heating boiler, as close as possible to the boiler unit, but above its level. It is prohibited to install any shut-off valves, filters or other elements that narrow the pipeline between the boiler and the safety group. The safety group must be installed strictly in a vertical plane so that the air vent and safety valve are in a vertical position; in the horizontal plane the unit can be rotated as desired.

Please note that if there is an appropriate outlet pipe, it is recommended to connect the expansion tank through it. If this is not done, the outlet pipe for the expansion tank must be plugged.

Benefits of using a collector

After its appearance, the distribution comb immediately gained many users, thanks to a number of obvious advantages:

1. Due to the complete isolation of each heating circuit, individual elements can be controlled independently of other elements. The owner of the house independently regulates and sets the temperature in a separate room (bedroom, kitchen, hallway, living room). If a temporarily uninhabited room appears in the apartment, you can completely turn off the heating system in a limited area.
2. The appearance of the distribution block made it possible to significantly reduce costs during the heating season, while increasing the efficiency of the circuits. In the warm winter months (regions with a temperate climate, southern territories), you can partially disconnect the batteries from the coolant supply.
3. When changing circuits and the entire heating system, pipes of a much smaller diameter can be used, which also saves on costs.
4. Using a hydraulic arrow, you can set up several isolated circuits with different heating rates.

The newest system is not without its drawbacks, which include significant energy consumption, practical difficulties in positioning the structure in a concrete screed, and always increased hydraulic pressure in the system and circuits.

Pressure water

Pressure water

Basic models of collector blocks

For closed circulation systems, three models of collectors are known, each of which differs in a number of characteristics:

1. A collector connected to the radiator.
2. The second known system is a hydraulic arrow.
3. Solar collector structures.

Each of the known models of the collector block has a number of operating features, installation requirements, advantages and disadvantages.

What type of wiring to choose

The choice of construction scheme depends on the expected operating conditions:

1. In buildings above 2 floors, heating is installed with main risers in a vertical pattern.
2. In areas with frequent or prolonged power outages, preference is given to gravity systems with non-volatile boilers.
3. For large objects, systems with forced circulation are installed, built using a horizontal type of wiring. The most suitable scheme in is the Tichelman loop.
4. For independent execution, inexperienced users choose a dead-end wiring with several arms.
5. When pouring pipes into the floor, it is advisable to choose a radial scheme with collectors on each floor - in the event of an emergency pipe rupture, you can turn off 1 radiator, postponing costly repairs with opening the floors.
6. Small country houses, bathhouses and utility rooms are equipped according to a dead-end scheme.

Each specific case must be considered individually, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the types and types of heating systems.

Features of the radiator block

With this model, the distribution block directs the coolant directly to a specific radiator. Today, several types of block connection are known: top, bottom, side and diagonal installation.

The bottom connection is most often used, which is due to the aesthetic factor. The distribution structure is placed under the baseboard or floor covering, where the structure is invisible. This type of collector is always equipped with a circulation pump, and it is placed at the entrance to the return pipe.

For electrical cable

For electrical cable

Features of the hydraulic boom

A similar model is necessary for arranging the heating of large and branched systems. These can be multi-storey private houses, offices, heated warehouses. The distribution unit is connected to a heat source on one side, and to a certain section of pipes or a heated floor on the other side.

The advantages of using an arrow include:

1. Preventing sudden temperature changes in pipes, which can lead to equipment damage, corrosion, and reduced service life.
2. Maintaining a constant volume of circulating coolant.

The most significant effect when using a hydraulic arrow is maintaining an optimal temperature balance in the heating system.

The disadvantage is the fact that each individual circuit must be equipped with its own circulation pump.

Boiler for closed system

The closed system operates with a wide variety of fuels and boilers; in this regard, such units are universal. Before choosing a boiler, it is necessary to carry out appropriate calculations of the heating system. The power of the boiler directly depends on the number of square meters that will have to be heated. Or rather, from heat loss at home. There are special formulas; the calculation itself is not difficult. There are boilers:

1. Single-circuit.
2. Dual-circuit.
3. With a boiler.

It is recommended to remember: not all coal boilers are designed for pressure above 1 atm. Especially homemade ones. When switching to a closed heating system from an open one. This should be kept in mind.

Features of solar collectors

A similar distribution block model can be used in regions where there is a high level of solar activity, but there is no gasification of residential buildings. The structure is equipped with panels that accumulate solar energy.

The distribution block itself is a housing, the surface of which is coated with a black adsorbent compound. The accumulated heat is directed to the coolant (air or liquid), which circulates through the heating circuits.

Optimal selection rules

The modern market for heating system products offers a wide selection of models from various manufacturing companies.

There are certain rules that allow you to make the right choice:

1. Maximum permissible pressure for the selected distribution block.
2. Reservoir capacity.
3. Be sure to evaluate the presence or absence of additional devices. On the market you can find designs equipped with flow meters that regulate the flow of water or air in a separate circuit. For a slightly higher cost, you can purchase a collector unit equipped with a thermal sensor that controls the temperature of the heating device. Release valves are very useful for draining water. The latest line of distribution blocks are equipped with automatic mixers and valves to maintain the optimum temperature for a given period.
4. It is very important to determine the number of outlet pipes, which must correspond to the number of cooling circuits.
5. The possibility of installing a heating distribution manifold with your own hands must be assessed. The complexity of carrying out independent work and the need for an appropriate tool are taken into account.
6. The power of installed collectors plays an important role, especially for large areas and a large number of heating circuits.

Before purchasing a particular distribution block model, you should familiarize yourself with the manufacturer’s company rating, study reviews, and select the type of collector.

All available models are equipped with a technical passport, in which you can familiarize yourself with all the characteristics. Depending on the specified parameters, the price of a heating distribution manifold ranges from 3,000 to 16,000 rubles.

Prices: summary table

Photo of the heating distribution manifold