Design of frame houses

I design frame houses. Price of the Architectural and construction section (AR and KR) RUB 3,00

per m² floor area (). Current price, 2022.

If you are going to build it yourself, then at a minimum you need a constructive section: a 3D model, drawings of walls, ceilings, rafter system and calculation of boards and cladding slabs. To order a project from me, we divide the work into three stages:

I’ll send you a file to fill out, we’ll coordinate the dimensions, materials, plans, type and slope of the roof, location of window and door openings;
I make a 3D model of your frame house, make all the changes;
I make drawings, count boards and cladding slabs.

The price of the architectural and construction section is 300 rubles per m²

floor area (individual design, 3D visualization of your home, components and pies of walls, ceilings, roofing).

My address is in the Contacts section. Write and I will send you a file with questions for design.

I have made several dozen projects of frame houses for different regions of Russia. You will find examples of my work in this section. All these are real houses that were built according to my designs. I do not use ready-made automatic design programs, so each building has its own characteristic feature. They have one thing in common - the building rules and techniques that are used in Canada and America. Therefore, all my projects have a characteristic Canadian (North American) style.

How are other technologies different?

Frame design has a number of differences from the residential buildings we are used to. First of all, this concerns interfloor ceilings and wall construction. In most cases, boards are used. A small percentage accounts for the use of I-beams and LVL beams as structural materials, which is usually associated with the need to cover spans and open spaces. There are no fundamental differences in the designs of the foundation, rafter system, communications and external decoration from stone or wooden buildings.

In principle, any low-rise building can be designed in the Canadian version. In our country this is usually what happens: the customer finds a layout he likes, but for foam concrete or timber. I can keep the layout and appearance, but I am changing the design of the house to a Canadian one. The main reason is very simple - this option is cheaper to construct and more profitable during operation, since an energy-efficient wall with equal thickness to a stone or wooden one turns out to be an order of magnitude warmer.

How to order?

The main problem that everyone usually faces is where to find a person who can fulfill such an order using floor plans and facade views from another building. There are 3 solutions here:

Companies

Firms usually offer a dozen options for ready-made solutions that can be adapted to your wishes, or offer the services of an in-house architect. Quite a good solution, but very often you may encounter the fact that a company provides such a service, assuming further construction. The management does not agree to distract the architect, especially at the height of the construction season, since the profit is small;

Design specialist

The drawings can be made by a specialist who does only this. Such work is usually carried out by architects or design bureaus who do not have a clear specialization in a specific technology, but can apply their knowledge in this area;

Design yourself

The basic principles can be mastered by you on your own. For this there is all the necessary literature in the section. However, the manuals are usually in English. In this option, you need to be able to work in one of the graphic programs and subsequently use drawings and printouts for construction.

If everything is done taking into account standard solutions tested on millions of North American homes, then it doesn’t matter who does the work: you yourself or an architectural bureau. Today, an official project with a seal is not required for construction and registration of ownership, since the rules have been simplified by the law on dacha amnesty.

Be prepared for the fact that even if you order this work from a specialist, you will have to check the quality of its performance. People are not robots and can make mistakes, but this is rare. but the real problem is designing a pseudo-frame house. In particular, timber is widely used, the pitch of the wall posts is not adapted to the external cladding with slabs, the width of the insulation slabs is not taken into account, large spans are covered with ordinary boards. If in doubt, ask to see a couple of drawings from previous work and ask a few questions. The point is that further construction on this project should be ordinary work, and not a feat of labor and a search for solutions on the spot.

If you need help designing a frame house in SketchUp. Individual design and construction of frame houses in the Moscow region. My contacts are in the Services section.

Home-space

In the photo: House from the Yonder – Architektur und Design bureau in Stuttgart, Germany. Photo by Brigida Gonzales

What's happened. Here it is the space inside as a place for storage and living that becomes an end in itself. It is maximally unloaded, the area of the rooms is increased, and the design strives for laconicism. The home-space as a concept tells us: “People, laughter and your everyday life should fill me, and not the design itself, which is only a background for life.”

Which happens. Home-space can be of different sizes and types. It is united by technical factors: the presence of furniture with a laconic built-in format and without handles, additional dressing rooms and storage rooms, the absence of decorative details, large area of rooms, light finishes, orientation towards space and visual emptiness. The practicality of such an interior is also very important, for example, a built-in vacuum cleaner, a central air conditioning system. Everything here is designed to ensure that the house is always perfectly clean. Perfect.

What problems does it solve? This approach to interior design and architecture solves the problem of overwork and stress among residents of megacities. Allows you to create a quiet, exceptionally clean and practical space for relaxation and raising children.

Suitable for whom. A family with small children and pets who wants peace, beauty, sun and space after a city apartment or a classic interior.

Foundation grillage for a frame house

The thickness of the grillage in my case is 250 x 250 mm. The width of 250 cm coincides with the diameter of the pillars. The height is determined by the depth of the snow cover in your region. In the Moscow region, at least 400 mm. The grillage should be 150 mm above the zero ground level. Thus, the height of the grillage is 400 - 150 = 250 mm. When designing, the outer boundary of the foundation coincides with the external dimensions of the frame house. We design a grillage strip under all load-bearing walls, lay supports under the fireplace, the boiler in the boiler room and platforms under the porch. After drawing the foundation, we combine it into a component or group for further ease of work and calculation. Assign a name to the first layer (for example, foundation). In the future, you can hide non-working layers to facilitate access to other components of the frame house when designing. Once again, to better understand design, you need to understand how to create a component, layer, extrude an object, etc. These are basic skills and dozens of manuals have been written about this;

House-fortress

In the photo: House from K2Ld Architects in Australia. In collaboration with Molteni & C, Moroso, Bocci, Viccarbe. Photographer Jeremy Wright

What's happened. The house is completely private on all sides, thanks to the location of the windows, allowing you to think through the system of movement and functionality in the interiors without compromising privacy. Usually the house is asymmetrical, with unusually shaped windows, projections and bay windows to make the view as perfect and interesting as possible.

Which happens. Such a house does not have a specific type; its credo is individuality. Windows, design, layout - everything is calculated taking into account the view of neighbors, the location of trees, fences, other buildings and even seasonality.

What problems does it solve? Privacy, privacy and more privacy. Such a house can have an area of 500 square meters. meters and not a single window overlooking the neighbors.

Suitable for whom. For everyone who has always dreamed of a castle or fortress, or at least such a feeling from their own home. For those who don't want to see their neighbors. Never.

Frame house foundation piles

Foundation piles are laid below the depth of soil freezing (150 mm in the Moscow region), so the base of the pile should be below this mark. Once you've drawn the first pillar, organize it as a component or group. Using the copy function, we first place the pillars at all angles and places where the grillage strips intersect. This way we will get up to 60% of all pillars, which you cannot do without. Next, we use a simple rule: the distance between the pillars cannot be more than 2 m. We measure the distance between the required pillars. For example, 3.4 m. Accordingly, you need 1 intermediate post.

To quickly distribute intermediate pillars, you can use a simple technique - first divide the distance between the outer pillars by 2. For example, 6.9 m / 2 = 3.45 m. Round up to 4 to get 1.725 m between the piles. We copy the pillar and move it to the extreme position at 6,900 mm. Enter /4 Enter. 3 intermediate piles appear at equal intervals.

In my case, the average distances between adjacent pillars are in the range of 1.6-1.8 m. As a result, we get 34 piles under the grillage. We put 7 additional posts for the front and back porch. Finally, we combine all the pillars into a separate layer. The foundation is ready. Already at this stage we can calculate the volume of concrete:

Piles: 1 pile 0.125 m3 x 41 = 5.125 m3

Grillage: 70 m x 0.25 m x 0.25 = 4.375 m3

Front porch: 3.5 x 1.7 x 0.15 = 0.9 m3

Rear porch: 2.3 x 0.9 x 0.15 = 0.31 m3

Total: 10.71 m3

There is an alternative option for volume calculation using built-in plugins. More on that later;

What does the design documentation consist of?

The project for the construction site includes the following sections:

Explanatory note.
Land plan.
Architectural, constructive and space-planning solutions.
Information about the engineering equipment installed as part of the project: water supply and heating;
sewerage;
ventilation;
communication lines, gas and electricity supply.

POS.

Activities aimed at environmental protection

Other auxiliary sections.

The project, if necessary, is accompanied by an estimate containing the cost of materials. It is acceptable to have other documentation that provides related information about the implementation of the proposed solutions.

Many projects are complemented by the results of surveys in geology, ecology and geodesy. The work is carried out by accredited specialists. Upon completion of the surveys, detailed reports are prepared.

We design the bottom trim of a frame house

For the bottom trim we use larch with a section of 38 x 150 x 4000 mm. Larch wood is heavier than pine and spruce, so it is difficult to work alone with 6-meter boards. So, let's create the first board in SketchUp. Select a fill. We create a component, assign a name and dimensions, in the future the Cut List plugin will count the number of components using this data. If you are working without components and groups, then leave 1 mm between elements. For convenience, you can hide the foundation layers (grillage and piles). The external boundaries of the lower frame coincide with the outer perimeter of the frame house and the projection of the internal walls of the frame house. For the convenience of leveling the horizontal level of the platform (in case of unevenness of the foundation plane), we design 2 strapping boards. This is completely optional and you can use 1 layer of boards. In this case, the cross-section of the grillage will be 250 x 288 mm, so that the plane of the first floor platform coincides with the height of all steps of the porch. To form the bottom trim, the functions of copying, dragging and rotating elements are used;

Projects for year-round living of various sizes

The dimensions of the frame house, just like the material to be chosen, are absolutely free for your imagination. And in this case, frame builders win again, since the technology involves the construction of completely different parameters.

Up to 50 sq. m

Very compact, made as 6X6 or 6X8. Features: low price and speed of construction. There are usually no more than 2 rooms inside.

From 50 to 100 sq. m

This is an economical option for a family of 4-5 people. Most often these are one-story buildings that are equipped with an attic.

From 100 to 150 sq. m

More spacious, often two-story. Additionally there may be: a built-in garage, a balcony, a terrace, a ground floor. A strip foundation is usually offered for this building.

From 150 to 200 sq. m

A large country cottage of this size may include several bathrooms, an additional summer kitchen, a greenhouse or a gym. There is often a fireplace inside.

From 200 sq. m

Luxury villas feature a full range of rooms. Typically these are two-story buildings with an additional attic and basement space. The foundation is strip or monolithic.

6X6 m

Miniature Finnish houses often look like this. On the upper semi-attic floor there is a bedroom, and below there is a kitchen, a combined bathroom and a hallway. Relevant for a summer residence.

In the article, we described how frame house projects are developed with the calculation of materials, and also showed what they are like. To complete the topic, watch the video:

Source: youtube channel Andrey Chance - construction of houses using USHP
This information is not an official recommendation and is taken from open sources. The material in the article is not a guide to the legal rules for registering land, property, erecting and finishing walls, or conducting construction. The manufacturer is not responsible for legal advice, as well as for defects in the structure or its elements that arise during or after completion of construction work based on this information. To carry out such work, use the services of certified specialists in the field of law and construction.

We design the ceiling of the first floor

For my project, floors made of I-beams with a height of 200 mm were selected; accordingly, the outer perimeter, double-triple logs and spacers will be designed from boards with a section of 38 x 200 mm. If you cannot use boards (for example, when the height of I-beams or floor trusses is 350-400 mm), all these elements are designed from I-beams and frame trusses. But since for my project the maximum span does not exceed a length of 3.75 m, we will use the most affordable I-beams in combination with boards. We select the lag pitch to match the width of the platform’s outer skin sheet 1219 x 2438 mm, taking into account the recommended gap of 3-4 mm. To ensure that the first sheet covers the entire thickness of the outer board of the platform, we reduce the first step by half the thickness of the log 80/2 = 40 mm + 2 mm gap = 568.5 mm, then the standard log step is 610.5 mm.

This technique will be used when designing the walls of a frame house and roofing. Using a simple technique 610.5 Enter-*number of lags-Enter, we install lags with a given step in one operation. Using the same technique, you can install logs with a pitch of 407 mm or any other. Many materials in North America are manufactured with rapid frame house design and construction in mind. The directions of the lags are usually chosen in the direction of the shortest span of the rooms, the step is selected according to ready-made tables.

We install double boards in the projection of the internal walls. We also pay attention to the places where powerful load-bearing wall posts will rest. In these places we install additional blocks between the lags. This group of elements can be designed after the walls, focusing on the projection of the load-bearing posts. In the picture below I have marked these elements. The joists are created as components; after the design is completed, we combine all the floor elements into a layer. You can count the number of lags by hand or use the Cut List plugin;

Prices for the design of buildings and structures

The price list will help you find out what the cost of the construction project is. It contains a complete list of works and current tariffs.

Real estate object	Cost, rub
Project development (Warehouse building up to 1500 sq.m.)	from 300,000 rubles
Project development (Industrial building up to 1500 sq.m.)	from 500,000 rubles
Project development (Warehouse building over 1500 sq.m.)	from 900,000 rubles
Project development (Industrial building over 1500 sq.m.)	from 1,300,000 rubles

*excluding VAT, with a guarantee of approval of the project by ISOGD and obtaining a construction permit (excluding approvals, surveys, sanitary protection zones and other tasks)

Factors influencing cost:

scope of activities for the design of buildings and other structures;
time limit;
availability of complex construction solutions for the project;
the use of rare or non-standard materials during the construction of the facility;
subsequent integration of equipment created according to a unique project.

Design costs are agreed upon before work begins.

Covering the first floor platform

The sheathing of the first floor floor platform will be made of osb/osp with a thickness of 18.3 mm tongue and groove. We draw the first sheet, save it as a component and then copy it along the horizontal axes with a step of 2442 mm and 1220 mm in a checkerboard pattern. We cut off the excess. The sheets are positioned with the long side perpendicular to the floor joists. As a result, for the 1st floor we will need 33 sheets of osb / pox with a thickness of 18.3 mm tongue and groove. In my case, the joists have different directions in the northern and southern halves of the house. We arrange the platform sheathing sheets in the same way;

Work order

Work on the design of buildings and other structures is carried out in a certain sequence.

Filing an application . The client places an order for the preparation of the project. You can use phone, e-mail or website functionality. The processing time for an application for the design of a building and related structures depends on the workload of the organization and does not exceed several days.
Meeting of the company representative with the customer. The partners discuss the features of the project and the nuances of cooperation. It is possible to work out wishes and suggestions from the client.
Conclusion of an agreement . At the end of the negotiations, the parties sign an agreement establishing the responsibilities of the customer and the project executor.
Departure of specialists to the site. Engineers collect information necessary to implement the project and conduct research.
Development and approval of documentation . The company’s employees develop a project based on collected and prepared information and obtain the necessary approvals and approvals. Documents are prepared electronically and on paper.
Submission of work . The client receives a complete set of project documentation approved by the relevant organizations and institutions.

Each project for a construction site is developed individually. This guarantees strict compliance with the technical specifications, absence of inaccuracies, errors and delays.

We design frame walls

In this project, the load-bearing racks are made of boards with a section of 38 x 200 x 2'885 mm, together with the trim boards (1 lower and 2 upper 38 mm thick) this will form ceilings 3 m high. Typically, the design of load-bearing vertical racks for a frame house is carried out from a board with a cross section of 38 x 150 mm, taking into account the fact that we can then put a sheathing with a 50 x 50 mm block inside to form a cross frame. In this case, the thickness of the external walls will allow enough insulation to be installed to meet the thermal resistance requirements. But for this project, the finishing will be done by applying a “wet” facade, so it was decided to use a board with a larger width of 200 mm. The optimal pitch for racks with a cross section of 38 x 150 mm is 407 mm. The choice of racks with a cross-section of 38 x 200 mm made it possible to increase the pitch to 610.5 mm, taking into account the insulation of the inter-rack space of the external walls with mineral wool without cutting. So, we create the contours of future rooms by installing the bottom trim boards on the projection of these walls. For external 38 x 200 mm, for internal 38 x 150 mm. Internal walls are almost always made from 38 x 100 mm boards with 400 mm pitches, but for this project we chose 38 x 150 mm boards with 600 mm pitches for the interior walls.

The pitch of the external wall posts corresponds to the dimensions of the external cladding sheets. For this project, OSB will be used measuring 1219 x 2438 mm (4'x8′) with a recommended gap of 3-4 mm between sheets. As a result, the pitch of the osb sheets is 2442 mm, which means the pitch of the external racks will be 610.5 mm. The first post must be offset by 1/2 of its thickness (19 mm) for proper installation of the osb starter sheet. So, we install the outermost post, the next one is copied at a distance of ~592 mm (610.5-19 mm).

The next step is to copy the outer post component at 610.5mm increments. We will draw window and door openings and reinforced components later. We get a general wall frame that matches the dimensions of the sheathing sheets and insulation. In the future, this circumstance will allow the installation of sheathing and insulation to be carried out as quickly as possible with minimal trimming. If you choose cladding with sheets of 1250 x 2500 mm, then design the frame with a pitch of 626 mm or 417 mm. For internal walls, the step should correspond to the plasterboard dimension of 1200 mm, that is, 400 or 600 mm. For the first racks we also make an offset of 1/2 the thickness of the rack (19 mm).

After we have applied the frame mesh of the external and internal walls, we install window and door openings. To do this, you can use ready-made nodes of these elements, which are in every frame construction manual. I chose one of the schemes, but you need to understand that there are several alternative designs for window and door openings. It is better to create the opening components separately and then insert them into the frame wall structure. At the same time, we trim and remove excess posts. The basic rule is that the pitch we have chosen (610.5 mm and 400 mm for external and internal walls, respectively) should not be violated.

Please note that the height of the lower window sill should take into account the size of the radiator if you are planning this heating option. 90% of all windows in a frame house have common elements. The differences are only in the width of the horizontal elements. The choice of window opening sizes depends on your preferences. In the case of panoramic windows, the upper opening should be covered with a built-up beam made of boards. LVL beams are used for garage entrances. For doorways, you can ask the manufacturer of the entrance doors for the dimensions for a specific door model and design it with an accuracy of mm.

After completing the design of the first floor of the frame house, it is necessary to lay the jibs. To do this, take 1 board with a cross-section of 38 x 150 mm, turn it at an angle of 40-60 degrees and cut it into the outer posts of the frame house. In this case, the jib must “catch” at least one of the strapping boards. For internal walls, horizontal fire breaks are usually installed with a stand height of about 3 m or more.

After completing the stage, we combine all the elements of the frame walls into a separate layer. Additionally, you can divide all the walls into groups, which will further facilitate the preparation of drawings for construction;

What does the cost of the project depend on?

The cost of a private house project depends on a large number of nuances. These include:

Personal preferences and wishes of the customer.
Characteristics of the relief of the site where construction work will be carried out.
Types of building and facing materials that will be used for a private house.
Costs of estimate documentation.

Project of a house on a difficult terrain Source pinterest.ru
Understanding these nuances is quite simple. The cost directly depends on the complexity and quality of the soil, the number of visits by the designer to the site and the personal tastes of the owner. When it comes to preparing cost estimates, most companies price this service separately from the main project. Its price in such situations will be about 3 dollars per 1 m² of land. When developing an individual project, its cost usually does not exceed 10% of the total costs of building a house.

We design interfloor ceilings

When designing the interfloor floors of a frame house, a simple rule must be taken into account: the racks and joists must be located on a single vertical axis. If it is not possible to follow this principle, then it is necessary to add frame racks to avoid weakening the supporting structure. We also additionally lay reinforced beams to support the walls of the upper floor. To do this, the racks are doubled or stacked depending on the load. The common dimensions of the external wall and platform slabs and the uniform spacing of the posts and joists make the design task easier. It also makes sense not to draw all the joists again, but to copy the ceiling of the first floor in increments of the height of the rooms. Most of the floor elements of the 1st and 2nd floors will continue to coincide. When planning the direction of the joists, it is necessary to take into account not only the length of the overlapped spans, but also the location of intra-house communications. For example, ventilation and sewer pipes have a diameter of 100 mm or more, so it is advisable to take into account their route when choosing the direction of the lag, so that in the future you do not have to lower the ceiling by 100-200 mm;

Bedroom design and soundproofing of a country house

When studying the design of your future home, look at how the bedrooms are located, check with the architect how the soundproofing of the rooms will be ensured. If at the design stage you do not think about these subtle points, then in the future there will be a constant feeling in the house that you are living with your whole family in one large room, since you will hear everything.

Walls, ceilings, doors, windows, ventilation - all this transmits sound. The thicker your walls, floors/ceilings and doors, the quieter your home will be. To enhance sound insulation, it is better to place a small corridor and a door between the common areas and the bedroom. If the bedrooms are on the second floor, then you need to take care of soundproofing the ceilings/floors. This needs to be done precisely at the design stage.

Designing a bedroom in a country house. Soundproofing.

Designing the walls of the upper floor

The rule for placing frame wall posts on the same vertical axis should be observed when designing the walls of the second floor. Notice the vertical red lines - they show how this rule works. It is almost impossible to observe this principle for all racks, since, for example, internal walls have a pitch of 400 or 600 mm. To do this, a double strap is installed along the upper belt of the racks, which creates a belt for supporting the racks or joists. In Scandinavian countries, the technique of cutting into the crossbar racks is often used; this creates additional support for the racks of the upper floor. As with floors, the easiest way is to copy the walls of the first floor to the second level and then make changes. Each wall can be combined into a group for the convenience of preparing working drawings in the future. The presence of ready-made elements such as window openings allows you to copy them to the second floor level. For the appearance of a frame house, the presence of uniform elements reduces the feeling of chaos during design and will make the construction process easier for you in the future;

House-forest

In the photo: House from architects from Pham Thanh Huy in Vietnam. Manufacturer Hans Wegner, Focus. Photo by Quang Tran

What's happened. The concept of a forest house implies the desire to create a 100% eco-friendly and safe ecosystem in the house with air as healthy as forest or sea air.

Which happens. To implement the concept, the following are used: location in a protected area, winter gardens, wooden furniture and solid wood floors, decor/furniture made of natural stone, large glazing area, additional terraces for relaxation and playrooms, mezzanines and balconies, including internal ones.

What problems does it solve? First of all, the constant presence of children in the house, when in your suburbs there is no sufficient infrastructure, level of security or desire to take them to parks, squares, playgrounds or to go to the city for this. Thanks to a new approach, an eco-friendly interior allows the external space to be almost completely replaced by internal space.

Suitable for whom. Families with small children who know that they will spend most of their time at home, without frequent going out.

We design the roof and rafter system of a frame house

The roof truss system is essentially a frame wall at an angle to the horizontal. The upper end rests against the ridge beam, the lower end is attached to the harness. In this project, the third floor forms an attic space for non-permanent residence, so there will be no permanent staircase. The height of the attic ceiling should be sufficient for an adult (at least 2 m). We take a calculator and calculate the possible angles of inclination of the roof. In our case, 270 makes it possible to create an attic room with a given ceiling height and use 6 m of boards as rafters without extensions. To hold the ridge beam, we put 3 intermediate support posts into the project + in one place we attach the ridge beam to the ventilation shaft. Rafter pitch 610 mm. A rafter system made from boards 150 x 38 mm, taking into account the installation of sheathing under osb from boards 100 x 50 mm, gives a total of 200 m. The roof overhangs are about 0.5 m. It turns out that a 6-meter board forms rafters 5.5 m long, without an intermediate the supports will not withstand the snow load. Therefore, we place a support wall in the middle, which will form the side walls of the attic. The pier supports must coincide with the projection of the rafters. We form the ceiling of the future masarda with puffs.

A lathing made of boards 50 x 100 mm with a pitch of 407 mm for continuous OSB sheathing will form the basis for the installation of soft tiles. Similar to the main roof, we design cuckoos (in English they are designated dormer. For this project, 2 cuckoos allow us to get away from the barn-type gable roof and make the front facade of the house more attractive. Please note that the rafter system, the ceiling of the 2nd floor and the frame wall posts are aligned in a single vertical axis This allows you to design the frame as reliable as possible.

Lagoon house

In the photo: Country house from Metropolis Design in Cape Town, South Africa.

What's happened. Such a house has swimming pools, ponds, fountains, waterfalls, and hot tubs, which are intertwined and embody the complex concept of a lagoon house.

Which happens. Usually the house is built in one of the modern styles and has panoramic glazing. At the same time, the first floor can be part of a public space, completely focused on relaxation by the water. The second may even have an additional living room and a traditional kitchen. By the way, there is often also an indoor pool.

What problems does it solve? In warm climates, this approach allows you to correctly prioritize a comfortable summer lifestyle. Excellent for properties rented out to tourists and high-status housing.

Suitable for whom. Not only for those who want to buy or build a villa in Spain, Italy or California. For everyone who dreams of life at sea!

We design the external cladding of a frame house

To design the external cladding of a frame house, we use osb / pox with a thickness of 12.5 mm (1/2") in imperial dimensions of 1219 x 2439 mm (2′ x 4′), leaving a deformation gap of 3 mm. If the pitch of 610.5 mm or 407 mm is correctly observed, the short edges of the slabs will always fall on construction sites, joists and rafters. This will greatly help during construction to avoid wasted time and unnecessary cutting of material.

Using the example of my frame house project, I showed how to design it in the free Google SketchUp program. Additional functions of the program allow you to convert drawings from 3D to 2D and print them immediately before construction. You can also install the free Component Report or CutList plugins to count elements. It is not difficult to master the SketchUp program to the extent necessary for designing a frame house.

Standard solutions

The diagrams below show typical solutions. These schemes are not the only ones; there are possible options that can be found in the Download books section. But even they will help you avoid mistakes

Bearing wall

Please note the presence of double trim at the top of the wall. This allows you to distribute the overlying load onto the frame elements. A very common mistake is the lack of a stand to support the top lintel. This applies to doors and window openings. Usually the lower part of the strapping is done with 1 board.

Curtain wall

A non-load-bearing wall is somewhat “fragile” compared to the load-bearing version. The arrangement of the openings is simpler; it is possible to use a single strapping on top.

Rack locations

Corner designs

Particular attention to the design of corners. For some reason, this is where the largest number of mistakes are made. Corner joints are based on 3 principles: 1) it is necessary to insulate the corner; 2) create a strong supporting structure; 3) attach the outer and inner lining. The pitch of the racks is selected based on the number of floors and the thickness of the wall.

Window hole

The number of support posts and boards in the window lintel is calculated according to the tables. It all depends on the width of the opening in the wall. The lintel must have a minimum of 2 boards, but their number can increase to 3. Sometimes for large openings it is necessary to use LVL beams.

Internal walls and floor joists

1. The cut at the end of the joist cannot exceed 1/4 of the joist width

2. The hole in the joists cannot be located closer than 50 mm from the top or bottom edge, the diameter of the hole is no more than 1/3 of the width of the joists

3. The notch on the top edge of the joist cannot be more than 1/6 of the width of the board and cannot be located in the middle third of the joist.

4. Holes cannot be located in the middle third of the joists

5. Holes or cuts in the studs of non-load-bearing walls no more than 40% of the width of the board

6. Holes with diameters up to 60% of the rack width are allowed if these racks are doubled

7. The hole cannot be closer than 13mm from the edge of the stand

Opening in the ceiling

Openings for stairs or attic windows are also made using ready-made solutions. Double elements are actively used, as well as MetIz - metal hangers for boards.

1. To form openings, sections of composite beams are used, which are determined by the size of the opening.

2. If the opening width is less than 1.2 m, then you can use 1 board

3. The opening assembly, which is shown in the figure above, can be used if the opening is located no further than 900 mm from the supporting wall

4. If the size of the opening is more than 1.2 m, then the number of boards around the opening is doubled

5. Steel hangers can be used to fasten the opening boards

6. Logs adjacent to the openings, with a length of more than 3.6 m, are secured using steel hangers

Overlapping device

1. When the height from the ground is less than 450 mm, boards impregnated with fire and bioprotection or wood from oak or larch are used

2. A composite beam-transom, which is located closer than 300 mm to the ground, must be impregnated with an antiseptic or rot-resistant wood must be used

3. Bottom trim boards located on a concrete foundation, closer than 200 mm from the ground, are treated with solutions that protect against rotting

4. External finishing made of boards located closer than 150 mm from the ground is treated with protective solutions against rotting

The contact points between the bottom trim and the floor joists are subject to the destructive action of moisture. For these units, boards impregnated under pressure with antiseptic solutions are often used.

1. The diameter of the embedded studs is at least 12 mm

2. The bottom trim board is secured with at least two embedded pins, the distance between them is no more than 1.8 m

3. The bottom frame for a wall less than 600 mm long can be attached with 1 embedded stud to the foundation in the middle third

4. From the edge of the board to the embedded pin no more than 300 mm

1. The joists rest at least 40 mm on wood and at least 80 mm on concrete

2. The section and pitch of the lag are determined by the length of the overlap and the pitch of the lag. The length of the “overlap” of the logs is at least 75 mm, knocked down with 3 nails 90 mm

3. When installing the logs at the end, steel hangers or a support bar 50 x 50 mm are used

5. For log cross-sections from 250 x 50 mm, blocks must be used (any of three options)

Houses and their plans: features and subtleties

Developers who regularly read FORUMHOUSE know well that a thoughtful approach to the project is an indispensable condition for proper construction. Moreover, the design of cottages assumes, first of all, functionality. In pursuit of external effect, many novice developers forget that a house is, first and foremost, a place in which you and your family will live for many years.

This gives rise to private houses that are inconvenient for living, the construction and design of which was carried out with a lot of unnecessary decor and absolutely ill-thought-out functionality of the premises.

Professional architects know how to build a comfortable and comfortable home that will please the eye not only of its owners, but also of those around them.

Where does choosing a house project begin?
What nuances need to be taken into account when developing a project;
How to decide on area, shape and number of storeys;
Is it worth adding a “second light” and a bay window to the cottage?
What roof shape do you prefer?
What to choose - an attic or a full second floor.

Design and construction of country houses: where to start choosing a project

Whatever kind of cottage you are planning to build - stone, wood or frame, its design begins... with the purchase of a plot and soil research. Yes, yes, precisely from the purchase of a plot (if it does not exist yet) for future construction. After all, the most competent and carefully developed architectural design of a cottage may not “work” without “landing” the structure on a specific area.

Layout of a residential building.

At this stage, it may turn out that you decided to build a stone building, ordered a project, paid money for it, and after purchasing a plot and geological research, it turns out that the bearing capacity of the soil is insufficient to support a heavy structure.

Dmitry ShilnikovArchitect, Moscow.

Clay, loam, sand, floating rock, groundwater level, the possibility of rock displacement, all this must be taken into account when choosing the type of foundation - the foundation of the building, which is the key to the durability of the entire structure.

As a result, you will have to develop an architectural design for a lighter wooden or frame residential building or significantly increase the supporting surface of the foundation. The correct approach to designing individual buildings made of stone and wood is radically different from each other.

A building made of stone allows for the presence of complex shapes in plan, “tricky” roofs, and non-standard openings. Such cottages provide great scope for creativity. In wooden ones, on the contrary, the simpler the plan and shape of the roof, the better. Due to the characteristics of shrinkage and the need for rigid ligation of walls, the complex shape included in the design of a wooden cottage can lead to problems and instability of the entire structure.

If these details are not worked out immediately, this will lead to loss of time and money, and may lead to the need to completely rework the architectural concept of the entire building. Therefore, before starting design work, find out which cottage will withstand the soil on your site.

It is also important to have access roads, whether heavy construction equipment and mixers with concrete will be able to get to the site, whether a truck with building materials will be able to turn around, and whether it will not get stuck in the spring-autumn thaw.

Design of private houses: living with a plot

And these are just a few of the many nuances that need to be thought through before you begin choosing or developing an individual project.

Azat Khasanov Architect, Moscow.

I advise you to “live” with your site for at least one season before choosing a project. Explore it, come and take pictures, where the sun and shadows are, where there are beautiful views, where the neighbors put their cottages. It is very important to “look” at your site and adjacent buildings from above using virtual map services. Look around.

Such an approach will help determine which direction to orient the future building with its main premises, entrance, and relaxation terraces. And, conversely, what will you have to “turn away from” or close yourself off from?

The layout of the house should be with an eye to the future.

If the plots in the village have not yet been developed, you can assume that you will put a cottage “there”, and a wonderful view will open from the windows, but in the future this view may be blocked by a neighbor’s house or a good, but blank and high fence.

Azat Khasanov

If the neighbors have not yet fully “proven” themselves, I would say that this is an unpredictable situation. After all, we don’t know their taste preferences or their ambitions for the height of their future home.

Whether the view from the living room will be pleasing to the eye, or whether the neighbor will give us a “gift” depends on competent forecasting of neighboring buildings.

It is also important to examine the terrain of the site. You should be careful about the height difference. These features seriously affect the placement of the building. Proper planning of houses and cottages, taking into account the topography, will make it possible to create a deep, distant view from the windows of the surrounding area, over the neighbors. Or, using the height difference, make the garage or basement “invisible”. A slight slope will allow you to create different heights for the rooms in the cottage in order to plan a high living room, while sleeping and other rooms have a minimum height.

Dmitry Shilnikov

The site can play a very important role when drawing up a project. Features of the relief, shape, dimensions, insolation features and surrounding buildings can radically affect the configuration of the cottage.

Layout of country houses and cottages: taking into account the features

The plot was purchased and a firm decision was made to build a house on it. A lot of questions immediately arise: what kind of cottage to build, what size, what shape, and most importantly - how to express your idea.

There is only one way out - first you need to systematize absolutely all your wishes for future housing, discuss ideas with all family members. It’s one thing to plan a house for a young couple with children, and quite another thing for adults, already established people whose children have grown up long ago.

Everyone has different tastes and preferences. You need to immediately think about how you will live in this cottage in 5, 10, 20 years. Think about how comfortable it will be for you to move around it in old age. If at 20 years old it is not difficult to run up the stairs to the second floor, then at 60 it can cause difficulties: a simple house layout will be preferable.

When calculating the required area of the building, it is worth considering such an aspect as the economical operation of the cottage. After all, now you will have to clean a room with an area of 300, 500 or more square meters, and you will have to pay for heating such “mansions” even when you retire, and prices are unlikely to fall by that time. It is important to take all this into account in advance.

Dmitry Shilnikov

Each family member should have their own personal space in the future home. Therefore, ideally, when planning rooms in a private house, you need to take the number of residents as the number of rooms (bedrooms) + one additional free room, which can serve as a guest room, office, library, playroom, etc.

This includes a living room, kitchen, technical rooms (furnace room, storage room), bathrooms (at the rate of one bathroom for two bedrooms). And this is the necessary minimum for a comfortable stay. But there are also dressing rooms, swimming pools, gyms, cinemas, bathhouses, etc.

If we go to the numbers, we can say that the area of a good comfortable bedroom should be 14-16 sq.m, the living room - from 28 sq.m, the kitchen - from 14 sq.m. More is possible - it depends on the personal preferences of the owner.

An article on designing a comfortable home is available here.

When planning a house, it is important to correctly maintain the proportions of the size of the house and the plot. If the plot is small, then you should not “clutter it up” with a large-area cottage, because... free territory on a landscaped site is as valuable as the usable area of the premises in the building.

Correct house layout

The composition and size of the premises are determined taking into account the requirements for comfortable living for all family members. Namely:

The cottage is divided into day and night zones. The daytime cottage area includes the rooms where you spend most of your time. This is the hallway, living room, kitchen. Night zone - bedroom. Therefore, they try to place the bedrooms in quieter places, away from the hustle and bustle (on the second floor);
To save space and minimize the corridor, the dining room is often combined with the living room;
For convenience of living, when planning a country house, it is necessary to provide two bathrooms. This will save household members from queuing in the morning to go to the toilet or bathroom;
Comfortable housing is often associated with a terrace (an area of 10-15 sq.m.);
When designing a cottage (if it is planned to build 2 or more floors), it is worthwhile to provide sufficient space for the stairs in the house plan in advance. The “I’ll leave it for later” approach leads to disastrous results. The stairs have to be literally squeezed into a narrow space. As a result, the staircase turns out to be uncomfortable for climbing or does not fit into the interior of the premises. And the option with a spiral staircase is one of the most inconvenient.

From this article you can learn everything about the features of constructing stairs in private houses.

To avoid annoying mistakes and not to miss important moments, the customer needs to write everything down. Any smallest detail that slips out of your head can subsequently lead to costly alterations of both the project and the house already built according to it.

Azat Khasanov

Before starting design, I suggest the developer fill out a short questionnaire. You can add sketches, favorite projects and photos of the layout of finished houses to it. Thus, I first get acquainted with the wishes for the project.

A similar approach can be adopted by anyone who is thinking about construction. The questionnaire consists of the following questions:

Description of the site (relief, dimensions, area, orientation to the cardinal points).
Type of future home (dacha or house for permanent residence).
Family composition, including pets.
Description of the proposed premises by floor, with approximate areas.
Availability of utilities and their location.
Future planned communications (autonomous or central).
Geodetic surveys and general plan of the settlement.
How many floors are planned (including basement, attic or attic).
What material is it planned to build from (stone, timber, logs, frame, etc.).
Proposed finishing of facades and roofing material (plaster, brick, flexible tiles, etc.).
Desired floor heights (floor to ceiling, double-height spaces).
Necessary ancillary buildings on the site (garage, shed, gazebos).

Azat Khasanov

The future developer should do some work and, together with all family members, draw up a task for designing a house. This will allow you to systematize your wishes, which will save both your time and the time of the architect involved in the design.

Dmitry Shilnikov, Moscow.

To have a clear idea of what you want to get as a result, it is better to draw up a working specification (technical specifications), in which you try to describe in detail the composition of the premises, area, functional zoning, style of the building, materials from which the house will be built, connection to the site and orientation, special requests, etc.

Sketches, designs and photos of the houses you like will also help you express all your ideas correctly or convey them to the architect (if individual design is planned). The source can be magazines, the Internet, specialized exhibitions, and it is also necessary to plan trips with a camera around the surrounding area. In the future, this constructive selection will help to understand stylistic and planning needs and will provide a vector of movement when drawing up initial sketches. You need to pay attention to the style in which the architect providing you with this service prefers to work.

You need to look for a specialist who is close to you in spirit. Some people design excellent “classic” houses, but may simply “not understand” a developer who is planning to build a mansion in a modern or high-tech style.

What shape of house and roof do you prefer?

You can hear the opinion that a beautiful cottage must have a complex shape, with a sloping roof, bay windows, and decorated with many decorative elements.

Practice shows that the ratio of the proportions of the future home should be of paramount importance. This is the ratio of the height of the walls and the size of the roof and the ratio of the sizes of various elements, etc. A harmonious, and therefore beautiful, house does not necessarily have to be large or complex in shape.

When designing a house, you should remember that a simple cubic building is cheaper to construct, uses less building materials, and is more energy efficient. In such a cottage it is easier to “connect” all the rooms with each other.

Dmitry Shilnikov

People often ask whether it is worth making a “second light”, a bay window and other architectural forms. In my opinion, anything that makes your home unique (within reason) can be done.

“Second light” or atrium, pergolas, interesting plastic facades, continuous glazing or panoramic balconies - all this makes the house unique and gives the premises an unusual shape. But such things should be included in the project from the very beginning . They need to be adapted to the facades and layouts. Otherwise, they will turn out to be inappropriate, violating the initially established proportions.

One of the most effective ways to transform any cottage is a well-chosen form of roofing and roofing material. It is not for nothing that the roof is called the “fifth facade”.

Roofing plays an important role in the perception of a home. After all, not every coating will be in harmony with the facade, green spaces (trees, shrubs, flower beds, etc.) and the site itself.

Dmitry Shilnikov

The shape of the roof largely determines the overall perception of the volume of the building and its architecture.

A multifaceted - complex, broken roof gives a building a special personality, but a simple gable roof, with the proper approach to its design, can look very interesting. One of these ways could be to increase the roof overhang, as well as the harmonious organization of the under-roof space.

When choosing a roof of one shape or another, you must immediately think about the ease of its operation - clearing snow, branches, leaves, reliable waterproofing of joints (especially for roofs of complex shapes), etc.

Two floors or one

Designing cottages and country houses is often accompanied by the question of how many floors to build. There is no universal answer, because... it all depends on the preferences of the developer, the size and shape of the site. Both one- and two-story houses have pros and cons. For guidance, you can use the advice from Dmitry Shilnikov.

Let's take two houses of equal area: from 80 sq.m. Advantages of a two-story building:

Foundation area. For a one-story building it is larger and, accordingly, more expensive;
Not every plot will allow the construction of a one-story building “spread out” over the territory;
With the same area, in a one-story building, each room will get a smaller piece of the outer wall, and, accordingly, there will be fewer opportunities to organize interesting glazing. The rooms may end up stretched into the depths of the house, with incorrect proportions;
The roof, like the foundation, will be much more expensive in a one-story version;
An important issue is heat loss. The building loses the main heat through the floor and roof, and in a one-story house they are larger in area.

Pay attention to a good, comfortable staircase, and a two-story building will not cause inconvenience.

Each living room can receive a beautiful panoramic window with access to a personal veranda;
The absence of interfloor overlap will reduce costs during the construction of the building;
It is easier for older people to move around a one-story cottage;
External compactness.

What to choose - an attic or a full second floor

This question is a place where different opinions clash. Some people are only “for” the attic, others prefer a full second floor. There is only one piece of advice - choose what you like. Both solutions can be interestingly implemented. But the attic must be properly planned, otherwise it will be uncomfortable to be in. The height of the fracture of the wall and ceiling on the 2nd floor should be at least 160 cm. Then, taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof at 45 degrees, with a height of up to 185 cm, you can calmly approach the wall, lean your shoulder against it, and your head will not touch ceiling.

Dmitry Shilnikov

The attic floor can be very comfortable, the slopes of the roof give it beauty and individuality, it creates the feeling of a country house rather than a city apartment. This ceiling design does not put any pressure on the psyche at all.

Experience shows that when installing an attic instead of a second floor, the cost of the house is at least reduced, but only slightly, since the design of an attic roof is more complex than an attic and requires higher qualifications of the performers carrying out the design and construction of cottages.

You can find out “What to choose: a cold attic or a warm attic” and why “An attic is not in Paris” by following these links.

And at the end of the material - some tips from FORUMHOUSE on designing a house:

The entrance space is as important an element as other rooms. When designing it, it is important to observe the so-called. the principle of “intuitive entry”. Any person unfamiliar with the house, entering it and crossing the threshold, must understand, without prompting, where to go next;
Zoning. For a comfortable stay, the cottage is divided into private and common areas. The space is organized so that guests do not pass by the master bedroom. Children or teenagers going to the toilet in the evening in their pajamas did not walk through a living room full of adults sitting in a noisy group. A similar system is easier to organize in two-story houses, where the division into private and common parts is determined by a staircase;
When drawing up a house plan, you should remember the hobbies of all household members. Some people like to sit in silence with a book in the evening, while others learn to play musical instruments. Hence, there are different requirements for the placement of rooms and their sound insulation;
Children need large rooms for games, lessons, and hobbies. If you plan them, the child will have his own world, and he will not interfere with adults who have the whole house at their disposal.

This is a detailed article that tells: “How to organize a child’s corner in the house.”

You can learn how to design your own home by reading this section. A detailed summary of all the principles of rational home planning is here. You can find out the answer to the question “A cheap one-story house is a myth” here. Everything about layouts: express, advice from the architect, can be found at this link.

“Which is cheaper, an attic or a one-story house” - we will find out the answer to this question in the corresponding topic. All information about the most popular house project on FORUMHOUSE - “Abode of Angels”, is collected in this photo album.

This video on our website is about an unusual and functional house project. You can find out what a house in a natural style is by watching this video.

The owner of the house is the best builder.

When you come to the office of a construction company and you are greeted by a smart, well-groomed manager or architect - remember, it is not he who will go to your construction site, but usually unskilled people, it’s also good if they are citizens of the Russian Federation. Think about it, would you really put the work of your home, your dream, into these hands? They want to deliver your property faster, get money from you and move on to the next one without any serious responsibility. And your children and parents will live in this house. No, order the project and build it yourself! Take everything into your own hands, from procurement to construction. Find one experienced builder - a frame framer and one or two helpers and supervise the work step by step; only such a responsible approach will give you not only a high-quality, beautiful house, where every nail will be hammered to the level, but also invaluable experience. Building your own house yourself is a worthy task for you. And we will do everything to help you with this and provide a step-by-step, easy-to-read design of your home. Good luck building your home!

3D model

Developing a three-dimensional model is an exciting and very responsible activity. And it is very important that you and I will make the model together. But first things first. What happens on the other side of the screen after you send us a task. We have no secrets. First of all, I open your drawing in and scale it, since drawings are not always readable. But even if there is 1 size on the sent plan, any size, then the plan falls into my tenacious paws. To be honest, even if there are no dimensions on the layout at all, but only an approximate description, it is not difficult to adjust the size. So, we open the drawing in Autocad, scale it and draw the layout in a program that we understand.

Oddly enough, all complex structural elements are calculated at the modeling stage. Once the model has been agreed upon with the customer, it will be impossible to make changes to it, which is why it is so important to track and eliminate all structural elements that do not pass the loads. Therefore, often the finished three-dimensional model at the time of approval may differ from the layout of the technical specifications. There are no miracles in modeling a frame house; the basic rules of SNIPs and GOSTs must be observed in the house, otherwise I will not be able to pass such a model into further work. In particular, the load-bearing wall of the second floor must be above the load-bearing wall of the first, floor spans must not exceed a certain length of 4.5 meters. The project should be harmonious and simple from a construction point of view.

What good is it if the designer designs double beams with a complex connection, and the builder assembles them with 2 nails. If assembled incorrectly, they will not work. Over the years of my work as a designer, I came to the conclusion that the simpler the design, the more reliable it is. Everything should be in its place, jibs at the right angle, junctions, overlaps. Everything should be thought out two steps ahead at the modeling stage. Changes to the model and deviations from the original technical specifications in order to increase the rigidity and reliability of the structure are not always perceived by the customer with due understanding. Sometimes it happens that it is simply not possible to build a house according to the customer’s layout and the changes made cannot be agreed upon taking into account the original wishes. In this case, the design process is interrupted in the bud. Fortunately, I do not take advance payment at the design stage, and refusing further work is less painful.

Now let's move on to the most important thing, to harmonizing the model. This coordination takes place via Skype with a screen demonstration. It is very comfortable. The customer, usually with his wife, sees the future home and makes the necessary changes. At this time, you can move partitions, change the size of windows and doors and see the result on the screen. Discussing the model on Skype is the most convenient and fastest way to agree on it and complete the modeling. We usually give two presentations. At the first stage, the first acquaintance and discussion of the model takes place. By the end, I send the customer pictures of the facades, layouts and general views of the house. Everything you need to coordinate the look of your home with your family. At the second presentation, together with the customer, we make small changes to windows, facade colors, and other non-critical updates. Only after full approval of the model can we discuss issues with payments and cost of work.

Architectural part of the project

The architectural part of the project is a document usually consisting of 22 sheets of PDF in A4 format. The design of the architectural part of the project usually takes about 2 days. The delivery and approval of the AR part is also carried out via Skype with a screen demonstration. At the third stage, we will need to agree on the Architectural part of the project. To do this, we will need to make a presentation on Skype and confirm that in general you are satisfied with everything and this is exactly what you need. Now pay attention, at this stage you will need the first money in the form of 100 rubles/sq.m. You can pay for it using the Sberbank online application. And finally, you will need to approve the Architectural part of the project, that is, write me an email stating that everything suits you. Photos of what the Architectural part will look like.

Technical task

The first stage of project development is filling out the technical specifications. At this stage, the customer has one task: to depict and explain to the designer what he wants to build. You should not be particularly zealous and try to calculate floors or other components, which is what customers often try to do. There is a designer for this, to whom you pay money for this. The most correct thing would be to take a piece of paper in a cage and draw the desired layout of at least the 1st floor. This will be quite sufficient, since there are often dependencies between the walls of the first and second floors; this is relevant for load-bearing walls and bathrooms with common drainage pipes.

So, take a sheet and draw. 2 cells is 1 meter. In this case, the external size of the house and the approximate distribution of rooms will be immediately clear. I do not recommend taking ready-made projects from other sites and sending them for development. What was convenient for others may be completely unacceptable for you. You should not take standard solutions, even despite the beautiful facades. You can endure it and fall in love, it’s not for home. Try to draw exactly your dream, in which everything will be adapted to you: windows, doors, and bathrooms. You may need a gym or an office for work, you can do it now. Whether you want a back entrance or a secret room, you can have it all. What else needs to be indicated in the technical specifications. For convenience, immediately write your name, patronymic, phone number and email for feedback. Be careful. We receive a number of requests with incorrect phone or email; in this case there is no way to respond. It is important to note the number of floors of the house, 1 or 2. This is not always obvious. Ceiling height is also an important issue. As a standard we make 2.7, but it happens from 2.4 to 3.2 meters. Everyone's tasks are different. Mark the desired foundation, this is important at the beginning of communication. Please indicate the desired exterior finish and roof covering that you prefer. If you understand assembly technologies, you can indicate this, it can also be useful. The more detailed you describe your dream, the easier it will be for us to agree on the model, and the work will proceed faster.

It is important to note that I do not take advance payment for the development of models, and if for some reason we cannot move beyond the development of the model, then there will be nothing to worry about. Although it is also not advisable to abuse this. I would also like to add that we will need technical specifications to develop a certain blank, that is, a raw model. You can always redo it and make the necessary corrections and modifications. In conclusion, I would like to draw attention to the seasonality of work. From spring to the end of summer we are usually quite busy, and it is difficult to order a project at this time. If you want to order a project, it is better to do it in the fall or winter. Since at this time we are less busy and can devote more time and effort to developing your specific project.

Smart orders the project in the fall. Think about this so you don’t run around in horror across the Internet looking for a designer in May. In May, all normal architects will be packed to capacity, and the likelihood of running into non-professionals will be higher. It’s always sad to look at people who need to start building, but there is no project. And now the vacation is already over, and we should have started building yesterday. Rarely does anything good come out of it. To make it easier for you to fill out the technical specifications, we have developed a special feedback form, which I recommend that you use.

Design stages

The first step is to study the site and determine the location of the house.
Before you design a house yourself, you need to know what stages the creation of a project consists of. We are talking about drawing up an individual plan; standard ones do not go that long.

Design phases:

Study of the site. Includes inspection of the site, conducting soil samples to determine the type and bearing capacity. Find the height of groundwater and freezing points. If necessary, do a bacterial and chemical analysis of the soil.
Drawing up a master plan. At this stage, drawings are prepared indicating the location of residential and outbuildings and landscaping elements. Approves architectural and structural solutions for construction.
Development of a complete set of drawings, sketches, explanatory materials. This includes the architectural, structural, and engineering sections.

Architectural information is provided in the form of general information, general plan, roof plan, floor specifications of premises, sections of buildings and other drawings. Design developments include a diagram for laying the foundation, erecting walls, a plan for floors, stairs, and rafter system. The section details large interface nodes and provides a list of building materials.

The engineering section includes technical calculations, plans for heating, plumbing, sewerage, ventilation, electrical supply and other systems.

Approval of the project to begin construction

The law prescribes that documentation for the construction of a house must be approved by government agencies. The requirement applies to permanent buildings and temporary buildings. The papers are approved taking into account the norms, the process is controlled by municipal authorities and special-purpose city structures.

The technical and economic documentation with a detailed construction plan must be approved. Architectural and urban planning organizations are involved in the approval, and supervisory authorities may be involved.