Building an eco-house: suitable materials, communications and step-by-step instructions

In recent years, the trend of environmentally friendly housing has become increasingly fashionable, since most of the materials used to build “ordinary” houses contain harmful chemical compounds that negatively affect human health. And indeed: in nature there are plenty of natural materials that can be used for the construction of walls and roofs, as well as the interior and exterior decoration of houses.

In addition, nature also has in its “arsenal” sources of supplying humans with all the energy resources necessary for life. Many city residents who dream of a country house choose environmentally friendly buildings, but have no information on where to start. Therefore, this publication will present options for eco-houses, as well as information about the materials from which they are built.

Building an eco-house: suitable materials, communications and step-by-step instructions

Features of insulation and heat supply

Typically, the heating system of a house operates by burning organic fuel: fuel oil, coal, gas and even firewood.
During the combustion process, large amounts of waste products are released into the air. How to avoid this? Firstly, the house should be insulated as much as possible, and secondly, it is worth considering alternative energy sources. A heat pump or solar panels require a considerable initial investment, and using a cavitator is a fairly economical option, although not familiar to most owners. Oddly enough, houses made of clay, sand and straw have gained enormous popularity. Round buildings retain heat perfectly in the southern regions, but they are not suitable for northern latitudes with harsh winters

Arrangement of an eco-house during construction

Ecological materials for building a house are considered to be any natural resources - wood, stone, brick, as you know, made from clay, clay itself, straw blocks.

In northern and temperate latitudes, preference is given to wooden buildings - warm, “breathable”, most suitable for a changing climate. Depending on the type of soil, a pile or strip foundation is erected, a log house is installed on it, for the construction of which wood can be used in any of its forms: round timber, laminated veneer lumber, rounded logs.

Sheathing is done with wood board, clapboard, block house. Thermal insulation mats with a vapor barrier are laid between the walls of the log house and the cladding. The optimal material for windows is three-layer laminated timber, which has the thermal conductivity of wood, but is more durable. The foundation is decorated with stone or ceramics, which not only serve as a decoration element, but also protect the lower part of the building from moisture and wind. Thus, the house turned out to be environmentally friendly. How can you arrange a heating system so that it does not contradict the general trend?

Coniferous wood veneer, which is the basis of laminated timber, gives the structure extraordinary strength and wear resistance. In addition, timber houses do not require additional finishing work, as they look quite presentable

Hydrodynamic fuel-free heat generator

The operation of the heat generator with a cavitator is ensured by connection to an electrical source, without which the operation of the pump motor is impossible. The principle of cavitation is based on the fact that the liquid, circulating in a closed circuit, gradually heats up, that is, it does not require additional heating by the boiler, as a result of which scale usually forms. Modern equipment is equipped with a cavitator installed in the circuit. It does not play a role in heating the liquid, but the main conversion of kinetic energy into thermal energy occurs in it, and it also serves to protect the pump from premature wear.

The heat generator circuit diagram includes: 1 - main pump; 2 — cavitator; 3 - circulation pump; 4 — electric/magnetic valve; 5 - valve; 6 — expansion tank; 7 - radiator.

The efficiency of a fuel-free heat generator can be increased by using an additional storage tank and a “warm floor” heating system. To ensure a sufficient amount of hot water, an indirect heating boiler is connected. A solar collector can become a backup, and in the summer season, the main source of heating. Thanks to solar systems, the heat generator is completely turned off in the summer.

Secrets of planning: drawings and diagrams

Visualization of the project simplifies its implementation, and sketches, drawings, diagrams indicating the exact location, specific parameters and materials help “launch” the process of completing the task. We remember that the construction of a house (including with the eco prefix) cannot be started without permits from government agencies, which give the go-ahead only after a thorough study of the project. We recommend that “serious” documentation be drawn up together with design engineers to avoid protracted red tape.

One of the options for the general scheme for constructing a green house, indicating the elements of the water supply system, thermal insulation, ventilation, lighting and decoration

What needs to be shown on diagrams for the construction of eco-houses? Anything that causes even the slightest difficulty - for example, the location of the ventilation system.

Possible ventilation scheme with a recuperator - a device that is a heat exchanger that uses the heat of exhaust gases to partially heat the heating system

Saving energy generated by solar panels also involves installing a complex set of various systems, including hot water supply.

The diagram shows a system with a dual source of electrical energy: solar panels located on the roof slope and a boiler installed in the lower part of the house (basement, ground floor). This solution will be considered environmental if biofuel is used to operate the boiler

Here is another option for installing solar panels.

The solar collector is mounted on the roof of a separate building, specially built to house the water heating system. Hot and cold water enters the house through an underground pipeline

It is irrational to install wind generators in regions with forest plantations or other protection from the wind, however, on the seashores, reservoirs, in the steppes and mountains, they justify the installation costs.

The operation of a solar collector and a wind generator can be combined using a hybrid controller that distributes the received energy to points of consumption or directs it to storage devices

Before building a country house or village house from timber or logs, it is necessary to consider the arrangement of a heat-insulating layer.

Depending on the location, different insulation materials are used: mineral wool, solid and loose thermal insulation materials on a natural basis, wool or cotton mats

This is the kind of house scientists from Wales came up with. It spends less energy than it produces. A miniature “electrical factory” is a standard project, meaning anyone can buy a house. It is said to cost almost the same as a regular house.

Powerful solar panels installed on the roof and part of the wall, energy-efficient household appliances, “smart” distribution automation are factors that provide an excess amount of electricity

Ready-made diagrams can be found on the websites of companies involved in the construction of eco-houses and passive energy-saving buildings. Now let’s take a closer look at two projects - the construction of eco-houses from straw and firewood with the addition of clay, which plays the role of a binding material.

Materials for eco-house walls

Only environmentally friendly applicants are selected for construction. These traditionally include wood, stone and brick. Recently (in Europe), this trio has been joined by waste - concrete, glass, metal. For example, in Germany there are special factories where they are processed, obtaining materials suitable for the construction of energy-efficient buildings.

If, in general terms, it is already clear what an eco-house is, then you can move on to getting acquainted with environmentally friendly materials that are now used for the construction of safe buildings. These include the well-known “supernaturals”: ​​gypsum, clay, soil, wood, stone and brick, straw, glass.

Tree

It is an ideal option for creating an eco-house. Wood fits perfectly into the natural landscape, it is loved for its warmth, and many note the positive energy of wood. Both logs and beams are used to construct walls. The finished log house is insulated with moss or tow. Frame houses are the second option. In this case, the wooden structure is combined with environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials.

The ability of wood to “breathe” is incredibly attractive: such a building will be comfortable both in the heat and in winter. The disadvantages of wood are known: it is afraid of moisture, which means the likelihood of rotting, mold, fire hazard, and a fairly high price when compared with its “rivals” by nature.

Arbolit

Its second name is wood concrete, since lightweight concrete consists of 80-90% wood chips and other organic additives. If we talk about the level of comfort, then such eco-houses are slightly inferior to wooden ones. The thermal insulation qualities of the material can be compared with those of coniferous trees, but it is not afraid of living threats. Wood concrete buildings can be built on difficult soils.

Advantages of wood concrete: low heat loss, vapor permeability, frost resistance, ease of processing. Disadvantages - moisture absorption, requiring reliable finishing, some manufacturers using unacceptable, harmful components.

Walls made of pressed soil

The building, constructed from blocks consisting of wet soil, small stones, clay and sand, is popular for good reason. The thickness of the walls of such buildings ranges from 600 mm or more; they create an ideal indoor microclimate, perfectly retaining coolness in summer and warmth in frosty weather. The advantages include the availability of the components of this environmentally friendly building material.

The main advantages of eco-houses “made from the earth” are fire resistance, minimal costs, and durability. Disadvantages - rather low level of thermal insulation, high moisture absorption, difficult choice of facing material.

Adobe walls

A mixture of clay and straw is a proven composition that has proven its good qualities for a very long time. Despite the emergence of new materials, many owners still prefer adobe blocks. The structure turns out to be reliable, durable (including bending strength) and warm; it is very comfortable to be inside such a house.

The advantage of the material is its fire safety and vapor permeability. The disadvantages of adobe bricks are a high degree of water absorption, long-term and significant shrinkage of the walls. It requires that the height of the walls be 200-300 mm higher than in conventional buildings.

Straw blocks

This material can be used as insulation for a wooden frame; this option is a good, inexpensive alternative to “harmful” mineral wool. If pressed straw blocks are chosen as the main wall material, then they are laid with timber. However, such houses are unlikely to save residents of cold regions.

Pros: high vapor permeability, low thermal conductivity, ease of construction, lightness. Disadvantages - moisture absorption, high degree of flammability, low strength and, accordingly, the same service life.

Stone, brick

These are the most reliable candidates on the list, therefore, despite the labor intensity of the work, they remain in demand at all times. Their only serious disadvantage for eco-houses is their high thermal conductivity. For this reason, stone or brick walls require very good thermal insulation.

Water and energy consumption

To build a truly eco-friendly home, you need to take the consumption of natural resources such as water and electricity seriously. If you consume them in large quantities, then in addition to huge utility bills, the ecology in the area will rapidly deteriorate, no matter how many trees you place on the site. And in some areas you can even get a fine for excessive consumption of resources.

Alternative sources of energy and water

Of course, the developers could not leave us without the ability to produce energy and water ourselves. Here the following objects will come to your aid:

• Solar panels (energy)
• Wind turbines (energy)
• Dew collector (water)
• Relevant roof types (water and energy)

An electric generator and an atmospheric condenser have also appeared in the game, but they leave a heavy industrial footprint, so they are not suitable for our purposes.

Where to find solar panels, turbines and dew collector

They are in purchase mode, category “Hobbies and Skills” -> “Active Leisure”. To make it easier to find, use filtering by checking the “Eco-friendly living” add-on in the settings.

Solar panels and wind turbines can be installed both on the ground and on the roof of the house (including sloped roof types and glass roofs) - if you cannot place the object on the roof, check that you have not selected the wrong type on the support, which is marked " Earth". Don't forget to clean the solar panels, and also that in bad weather they produce less energy (requires "Seasons"). The dew collector cannot be placed on a sloping roof.

Consumption factor

Alternative sources cannot produce many resources, so you will have to calculate how much energy and water all objects consume in total in order to place the required number of pipes and collectors. If the site has properties “without amenities,” then electrical appliances and plumbing simply will not be able to function normally if the consumption of resources exceeds their production.

It is very important to consider that all lamps, lanterns and other lighting devices also consume energy. Moreover, the energy consumption coefficient of lighting is maximum - much higher than that of an inexpensive computer or refrigerator

So you should give preference to fireproof candles from the purchase mode (can be found in the “life without conveniences” category) instead of the usual lamps, or start producing combustible candles yourself.

External and internal finishing

If you can’t save money on most of the listed works and materials, then you can reduce costs by choosing a less expensive finish.
For exterior finishing, you can use imitation timber, vinyl or fiber cement siding, facing bricks, façade panels and other materials. As experts from Scandi EcoDom said, the most inexpensive option is imitation timber without painting. On average, it will cost 56% less than fiber cement siding. As for the interior decoration, you can also save money here. Scandi EcoDom specialists offer various options - from pre-finishing to turnkey finishing. For this house, pre-finishing (plasterboard on walls and ceilings, as well as pre-finishing floor covering) will cost from 350 thousand rubles. Turnkey finishing will cost from 860 thousand rubles, depending on the choice of materials (from simple wallpaper to wooden lining made of valuable species, from inexpensive laminate to parquet and natural stone).

Let us note that we specifically chose such an expensive house so as not to mislead you with the cheapest options and not to show that building a house supposedly will not affect your wallet at all. Scandi EcoDom also has less expensive options. For example, an area of ​​116 square meters will cost you 1,218,200 rubles for a “box” and 1,832,450 rubles for finishing. There are also very budget options, for example, with an area of ​​70 square meters for 1,375,855 rubles for finishing. Even if we add in the cost of the plot (about 500 thousand rubles for 6 acres in the Moscow region closest to the capital), then such a house with all the expenses for connecting communications will come out to about two million rubles. It looks very attractive, especially against the backdrop of Khrushchev-era buildings in the region, which are sold for a higher price.

By the way, there is another option to save money - order the complete finishing of the house from Scandi EcoDom, rather than buying materials yourself, since the company purchases materials from dealers and receives a discount of up to 15% on retail prices.

Whatever project you choose at Scandi EcoHome, your home will be environmentally friendly, reliable, durable, comfortable and profitable.

"Smart Home" system

To ensure that all extracted resources are used rationally, as a rule, a “smart home” control system is installed in an eco-house.

The larger the area of ​​solar panels, the more renewable energy will enter the house

The system controls the optimal temperature and humidity in the premises, ventilation operation, air flow and other parameters. When there are no people in the premises, the Smart Home switches the operation of all climate control devices to saving mode, which allows for proper use of energy.

In addition to climate control devices, the system can regulate the supply of hot water and the temperature of heating devices.

Important! In the absence of a smart system, it will be difficult to keep track of all the parameters and save the extracted energy.

Today, in Russia, there are companies developing eco-house projects that include all communication systems. If you plan to start building your own home in the near future and want to get rid of materials that negatively affect human health, you should think about an environmentally friendly building. However, it should be understood that the construction and furnishing of such a house will not be cheap.

Lighting in an eco-house

Lighting is another factor that should be given attention, since its arrangement should be aimed at reducing energy costs. The incandescent lamps familiar to Russians are not suitable for eco-houses - the best option would be economical lamps with a fairly high efficiency. For example, LED lamps that do not emit a lot of heat when burning would be an ideal option.

In addition, this type of lamp is easy to recycle without harming the environment.

For example, LED lamps that do not emit a lot of heat when burning would be an ideal option. In addition, this type of lamp is easy to recycle without causing harm to the environment.

The premises must have large window openings and at the same time be reliably protected from wind and cold

When arranging lighting, it is mandatory to use natural light. Therefore, most windows in eco-houses are designed on the south side, as well as in the roof. By choosing this arrangement, the rooms will be filled not only with light, but also with natural warmth.

To maintain heat and coolness at different times of the year, two- and sometimes three-chamber double-glazed windows, equipped with krypton or argon filler, and also coated with energy-saving film, are installed in the window frames of such houses.

What can a “green” UD do?

In the process of generating electricity and all other types of energy, the environment suffers. Despite filters and treatment facilities, powerful enterprises emit huge amounts of pollution into the air, water and soil. Most of them are toxic and pose a danger to all living things. Oil and gas rigs, coal mines, where raw materials are extracted for energy production, violate the integrity of the earth's interior, which is also dangerous.

Unfortunately, humanity has not yet learned to live without the use of heat and electricity, but it is already beginning to save it. A smart home is a prime example of this. An intelligent energy management system helps to really save resources. How does this happen?

Energy supply in an eco-house

Today, even in an eco-house, a person cannot do without electricity, but it must be autonomous. To produce energy, you can use different methods - solar panels or collectors and wind turbines, which accumulate natural energy, thanks to which the home is supplied with electricity.

Solar collectors should be turned to the south - then they will accumulate energy almost all day long

Windmills, or wind generators, can provide a home with electricity up to 75-80%. In combination with solar panels or collectors, housing will be fully provided with electricity.

Heating a house will require thermal energy - it can be obtained by installing geothermal heating or heat pumps, which are designed to extract heat from ground layers or water, if there is a body of water near the house.

Properly installed geothermal heating can provide heat to a certain area of ​​the house

When installing film heating, which does not require a large amount of electricity, the same solar collectors or wind turbines can be used.

Air purification in the home

Home ecology is impossible without cleansing the airspace. Plants help purify the air and improve the energy of living spaces. In this situation, indoor plants are indispensable. By absorbing carbon dioxide, they enrich the air with oxygen.

Such plants include chlorophytum, sansevieria, ivy, pelargonium, dracaena, ficus, anthurium and others.

They are more efficient than many household appliances. One large plant is used per 10 square meters of area, and one small plant per five square meters.

There are plants that not only purify the air, but also disinfect it, since their leaves contain essential oils (geranium, myrtle, bay tree, lemon).

You can use an air purifier to clean the air. It cleans the air of dust and toxic substances, disinfects and ionizes it.

Prohibited and permitted materials

What is an eco-house? A building in which no materials were used that do not correspond to the concept of environmentally friendly housing. This applies not only to wall structures with insulation, but also to finishing. If the rules are strictly followed, the same requirement is imposed on pieces of furniture and other interior elements.

Those that cannot be used

An example is old foam rubber. It is believed that it is capable of releasing carcinogens. If the owners are thinking about building an eco-house, then they need to get acquainted with the list of “non grata” materials first. “Undesirable persons” include:

• laminate, linoleum and other types of coatings made from artificial raw materials;
• PVC products: for example, plastic panels, suspended ceilings;
• vinyl, polystyrene foam;
• nitro varnishes.

You should be wary of pressed wood materials: plywood, fiberboard and chipboard. The main threat in them, as in most building materials, is formaldehyde, the vapors of which have an extremely negative effect on the human and animal body.

Types of eco-friendly finishing

Not everything is as bad as it might seem. Many new materials that pose a hidden threat are easy (or almost easy) to replace with completely environmentally friendly products. Here are some examples:

• ceramic tiles made only from natural raw materials;
• cork tree (western, cork oak, Amur phellodendron), which can become an excellent sound and heat insulator;
• wood treated with natural protection: decorative varnishes, antiseptics and fire retardants reduce the environmental characteristics of the natural material.

The role of thermal insulation for eco-houses is increasingly being played not by advertised synthetic slab products, but by “well-forgotten old” materials that are becoming in demand again. These rightfully include mixtures of straw, clay, and wood chips. Another favorable option is mineral basalt wool.

If we talk about exterior decoration, then reed and reed slabs (mats) are an interesting and safe material. They are covered with plaster. Shingles, slate, and reeds are natural alternatives to roofing materials. These are safe options that allow you to get original, eco-friendly roofs.

How to make an eco-house with your own hands

You can make an eco-house with your own hands if you have construction skills or are deeply familiar with this topic. Otherwise, you will have to plunge headlong into the eco-theme. Alternatively, you can call specialists who will quickly and professionally build an eco-friendly house.

There are several options for making an eco-house with your own hands. Each of them depends on the selected materials. You can make a house even without special materials, but using only improvised means.

1. Logs. Building with wood is a good option. To build it, I use trees or materials left over from the sawmill. For logs with a diameter of 30-90 cm, you can use structures both without a frame and with a frame.
2. Rammed earth. One of the old technologies still used today. In terms of reliability, the earth is almost identical to wood logs. To make such a house, you need to mix the earth with clay, gravel and concrete. After pressing this mixture, a solid material is obtained. In addition, it can regulate the temperature of the house. In cold weather, such housing will give off heat, and in warm weather, coolness. If we build an eco-friendly house from earth, it will also protect you from microorganisms.
3. Straw. The material is durable and has good thermal insulation properties, despite the fact that it is straw. The material is usually placed on top of a stone foundation. Packages of compressed straw must be secured together with bamboo poles. This will add strength to the structure.
4. Hemp. Used as a thermal insulation material. It is a natural and non-toxic plant. Using hemp in an eco-house will allow you to save a lot. And you will spend less money on heating. At the same time, mold or germs do not form on the material.
5. Adobe. It is made from clay, straw and sand. When the mixture hardens, it becomes strong and strong. Therefore, buildings of any complexity can be made from them.

These are the main environmentally friendly materials from which the house is made. As you can see, each material has its own characteristics.

Video - Ecological houses made of straw and clay

Mixing clay and straw allows you to make the structure of the house quite light and durable, significantly increasing the thermal insulation properties of ceilings and walls. An eco-frame house made of straw and clay will give you coolness in summer and warmth in winter.

Then you should prepare clay, coarse sand and straw. If necessary, you can take clay and sand from your own site, but in this case they will require minor processing. To do this, take 50 g of salt, approximately 3 liters of clean water and soil samples. Fill jars of water with crushed soil about a third or half, and add salt to speed up the leaching of clay.

Shake the jars well. Hard pieces should soften after 1-2 hours, after which the jars should be shaken again. As soon as you thoroughly shake the contents of the jars, the soil will be crushed into very small particles. Within 3-5 seconds, the desired sand will sink to the bottom - make a mark in this place. After 10-20 minutes, during which the remaining sand or fine silt will fall out, the clay will gradually begin to settle.

If your soil is usable, the jar will show a thick layer of coarse sand, a small layer of clay, and some fine sand and silt. To be completely sure, dig several test holes at once, because the soil may differ from each other in different areas.

To determine the most suitable mixture consistency, mix sand and clay in several different proportions: 2:1, 3:1, 1:3, 1:1, etc. Mix thoroughly and add water to help the samples stick together as best as possible. A good quality mixture should not be crumbly and should be crumbly or moist.

Mix the solution in a special pit or using a piece of tarpaulin. If you want to use a concrete mixer, then add two or three large stones to the mixture of sand, clay and water, which, spinning with the mixture, will break up too large pieces of clay. The resulting mixture is poured out of the mixer and straw is added to it.

Then, using adjustable formwork, the space between the frame posts is filled with the finished mixture. After this, the sheathing necessary for attaching the exterior finishing and insulation is filled around the perimeter. Mats for insulation are made from reed or straw, they are tied with aluminum wire or linen rope and attached to the walls.

Home decoration

When painting the external walls of a house, lime paint is used, which is obtained from lime paste, water (5-6 liters) and table salt dissolved in 0.5 liters of water. After this, add another 4-5 liters of water until the required thickness is obtained. Pigments are added to the resulting paint: ultramarine, cobalt violet, mercury cinnabar, umber, chrome lead green, chromium oxide and red lead.

What “bricks” are used to build an eco-friendly house?

Someone said - we did not inherit our land from our parents, we rented it from our children. When you look at your lifestyle from this angle, of course, you begin to understand that the next generations will pay for our every step

At this stage, it is important to learn at least not to harm the earth on which we walk, and only then, having realized these principles, learn to cooperate with it

Once you recognize the need for change, it is important to take the first step. After all, as the Chinese proverb says, the road of a thousand miles begins with him

How to make your own home eco-friendly?

Learn to be friends with trash

The average person produces 30 kg of waste per day. Imagine a small child about 10 years old, his weight will be the same.

Use less plastic containers, bags, boxes, because they account for the lion's share of all waste. Why would you put bananas in a bag if they will keep just fine without it? Why do you need to buy disposable bags in supermarkets every time, if special reusable fabric bags have long been available that you can always carry with you? They take up very little space. Or use biodegradable bags, which then make great trash bags.

This will help you see how much waste you produce and help you send it for recycling. All waste is usually divided into glass, iron, cardboard, plastic and technical waste.

For example, there are special trash cans for batteries. Do you know that you can get a lot of useful substances from them and even make fertilizers for the soil?

In Russia, the idea of ​​waste sorting has just begun to emerge, but almost every city already has special waste separate collection points.

Make your life more environmentally friendly - organize such a trash bin yourself in the yard of your home! You will see others follow you.

Use water and electricity correctly

You can make your home eco-friendly by using resources wisely.

When washing dishes, first lather them without turning on the water, and only then carefully rinse off the foam. Water your flowers using recycled water, such as the same water you used to wash your fruits and vegetables. Don't forget about the washing machine; many of them already have an environmentally friendly washing function built in.

By the way, such water savings

will have a positive effect on the state of your wallet.

By the way, you can make many cleaning products yourself. It will cost you pennies, which again will save your wallet, and is also very much in the spirit of being an eco-friendly householder. The women's club "Those Over 30" has already told its readers how they can switch to eco-friendly, homemade laundry and dishwashing products.

How many times do we leave the room leaving the light on, forget to unplug the computer, forget to unplug the charger after turning off the phone? How many times do we turn on the TV in the background, not caring at all about how much it “eats”? An eco-friendly modern home can and should be energy efficient.

Replace regular batteries with energy-saving ones,

Always turn off the lights before going out and order solar powered chargers.
And what’s most interesting is that all this will again save you a lot of money.

Consume less

Did you know that it takes 2,500 liters of water to produce one T-shirt? Now count how many clothes are hanging in your closet.

According to statistics, 25% of humanity overeats, and 30% of humanity (mostly in poor countries) is hungry. Try to watch what you eat and what you buy,

make a shopping list, taking into account the same ingredients for preparing different dishes.

Choose eco-friendly furniture

Now, fortunately, finding it is also not a problem. Such furniture is usually cheaper, but looks much more interesting,

than any standard options. These are, for example, furniture made of rattan and bamboo.

An expensive option, but always remaining in trend, is solid wood furniture.

So, in just a few simple steps, you will learn not only to live a conscious, environmentally friendly life,

but you can also save a lot of money. And remember that every good habit takes only 21 days to be implemented in a person’s life.

Why not start today on your path to a happy life in an eco-friendly home with a harmonious atmosphere?

For those over 30 – a club for women over 30.

Autonomous sewage system

Eco-friendly construction of houses requires the correct organization of the sewer system. There are a large number of septic tanks on the market, and choosing the best one is not so easy. He must have the following qualities:

Adaptability to operating conditions and durability

This is important to ensure the longevity of the system. Cylindrical septic tanks best withstand soil loads. Compact sizes. This is necessary for proper site planning. Presence of microorganisms in an inert carrier to increase the degree of purification

For example, Eurolos septic tanks include two bacterial treatment systems: anaerobic and aerobic. Easy access to the septic tank for repair work. Low power consumption. Eco-friendly septic tank materials for the home. The ideal option is sheet polypropylene, environmentally friendly and biologically friendly.

It should be noted that substances capable of destroying bacteria or inhibiting their vital activity should not be discharged into the autonomous sewage system: chlorine-containing compounds, aggressive household chemicals, saline solutions, rinsing water from water treatment plants

Water supply and sewerage

Water and its disposal are vital factors, so you should consider where water will come from into the house and where it will be discharged. The same schemes are used here as in an ordinary private house, which is not equipped with central sewerage and water supply systems.

A well is drilled on the site to extract drinking water, which is supplied to the house using a pump.

Septic tanks can have different designs and are made of different materials

Important! A septic tank is installed to dispose of wastewater.

An excellent help for any private home would be a rainwater collection system, its purification and use for the washing machine, dishwasher, watering, car washing and even for the shower.

Rainwater harvesting system

Such a system will help save a fairly large amount of drinking water, and most importantly, the family will always have a supply of water in case the well dries out or for the period of its cleaning.

Infrastructure, energy sources

The main source of heat is the sun, continuously and free of charge. A HOUSE MADE FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIALS, or, as it is also called, an “eco-house,” does not require artificial heating; it itself is capable of accumulating electrical energy due to solar panels located on the roof. On short winter days or cloudy weather, an alternative may be a heating system that operates due to the natural heat transfer of the Earth. These are so-called heat pumps. Or heat up using a special generator running on alternative fuels: straw, sawdust, seed husks, biogas (biogas plant).

Wind turbines are also increasingly used, capable of generating electricity and supplying water to the house.

Water supply is provided centrally or from a well. In any case, water is divided into drinking and technical. Drinking water is pre-purified using special filters. Rainwater is collected for household needs, and drinking water is also reused. To do this, it is cleaned and disinfected before being dumped into a storage tank. Along with the use of special sensors that monitor the amount of water consumed, such measures are aimed at the economical use, ultimately, of our money.

In environmentally friendly houses, wastewater recycling and waste collection systems are installed. Toilets are used that can compost waste, which subsequently becomes raw material for fertilizers. There are no odors in them, and their service life is quite large. There is also no need to connect water to them.

The risk of fire here is no higher than in ordinary high-rise buildings. The main thing is to lay out electrical wiring and install stoves or fireplaces, if any, correctly and in compliance with all design requirements. Fires are caused not by the flammability of the walls, but by violation of fire safety rules.

The use of cavitation in water supply

Cavitation turns out to be very useful if the eco-house is located far from civilization, and water from nearby sources needs to be disinfected. Let's first consider traditional methods of water purification, and make sure that hydrodynamic technology has undeniable advantages.

Traditional water disinfection technologies

Some of these techniques are used everywhere, others - occasionally, but they are known to everyone who studied physics and chemistry courses at school:

• chlorination;
• ultraviolet irradiation;
• ozonation;
• iodization;
• ultrasonic disinfection.

The most popular method of chlorination has as many benefits as harm. Not only does chlorine not destroy all bacteria, it is involved in the synthesis of new substances that are toxic and hazardous to health. Of course, the environmental friendliness of chlorinating water for home use is out of the question.

Ultraviolet radiation is useless for neutralizing water with turbidity and the presence of suspensions, so this method is only good for clear liquids. Ozone does an excellent job of cleaning water, but its production requires high voltage and a large amount of electricity, and the substance itself is toxic and explosive. Ultrasound technologies are not sufficiently developed; the main development has so far been found only in medicine - for the disinfection of instruments. There is also little use of iodine, which is only in demand for cleaning swimming pools.

Ecological hydrodynamic method

This technology is so effective that it allows water purification on an industrial scale, that is, one installation is enough for 2-3 houses (if the productivity is 500 l/hour). The only condition for complete disinfection is the absence of suspension. To carry it out, water is taken from the upper layers of the source (river or lake), and then the water is additionally filtered and settled in a special tank. After cleaning by cavitation, even domestic wastewater that has passed through a deeply purified septic tank becomes potable.

The operating principle of the cavitation unit is simple. The water passes through the filter, then the heat exchanger and enters the hydrodynamic system, where it is processed by cavitation. Then it returns to the heat exchanger for cooling, from there to the cooling condenser and reaches the final stage - additional filtration. You can use several filters with carbon or carbon-silver cartridges. With the help of cavitation, water purity reaches 100%, and energy consumption is reduced by 40-50%.

This illustration confirms the flawless operation of the water disinfection installation. One of the containers contains dirty sewage water, the other contains water that has already been purified using the cavitation method.

For uninterrupted operation of the water disinfection installation, a voltage of 380 V, a power consumption of 7.5 kW, and a power supply frequency of 50 Hz are required.

Materials for building an eco-house

To build environmentally friendly houses, materials such as wood and straw, stone and glass, clay, soil and gypsum are used.

1. Wood is the best material for an eco-house, as it has natural warmth, and many believe that it also has positive energy.
   Logs or beams can be used to build walls. A log house is built from them, which is insulated with flax tow or moss. A log house has been tested for strength for centuries, so it would not be a mistake to choose wood. In addition, a house that has a frame structure and combined with natural insulation will be warm in the winter and keep cool in the summer heat.
2. Mud walls or those built from soil mixed with stones, clay and sand are also an excellent option.
   As a rule, houses built from these materials have a wall thickness of 600 millimeters or more, and are characterized by good heat and cool retention. In this case, the material will have an affordable price. Adobe is also time-tested and, despite the fact that today innovative building materials are being developed and put on sale, builders are in no hurry to abandon blocks made of clay and straw
3. Cob blocks are also a good proven building material made from clay and straw.
   The house they make is warm and durable. The design also keeps you cool in summer and warm in winter. Straw blocks are used as an independent material for the construction of walls or as an insulating material in a frame structure
4. Straw blocks have high thermal insulation capabilities, are easy to work with, and the material is affordable. When choosing straw blocks as the main material for the walls, they are fastened together with timber, which gives strength to the structure. This material is also used for laying in frame walls, which makes them warmer and more durable than when using mineral wool.
5. Brick and stone are reliable and, of course, durable materials, but they have one significant drawback - high thermal conductivity. Therefore, walls built from them require good insulation.

Ceramic tiles, metal with a colorful coating or reeds are well suited for roofing in eco-houses.

Reed is a unique material that can keep your home warm in the harshest winters and cool on hot summer days.

The main environmentally friendly materials for the walls and roof of an eco-house are listed above. Of course, working with these materials is somewhat more difficult than with ready-made blocks, but all the work will not be in vain. After the façade of the walls is leveled and painted, no one will even think that the house was built from “off-hand” materials.

Shape and design of the building

As the developers of eco-house projects note, their shape and color scheme are of no small importance, and not because of the aesthetic, but because of the rational side of the issue:

• ability to retain heat;
• ability to withstand natural influences;
• creating spacious rooms in small buildings;
• the color scheme of the house's exterior also affects heat retention - the best option for eco-houses are shades close to white;
• The exterior decoration of the house must have thermal insulation capabilities, that is, keep it warm in the cold season and cool on hot summer days.

Master class: building an inexpensive, energy-efficient eco-house

You can build such a house yourself, and you don’t necessarily have to spend a lot of money on it. The step-by-step instructions below will help you build an energy-efficient eco-friendly straw house.

Sequence of actions Description Step 1. Pouring the foundation The foundation for the future eco-house is poured monolithic. This is quite a difficult job, and it cannot be done alone - it is advisable that at least 4 people participate in this process. It may be better to entrust this matter to professionals. First, differences in ground height are examined, then the construction site is carefully leveled, waterproofing is laid, and a reinforcement frame is created. Then the concrete solution is poured and left for 4 weeks. Step 2. Laying roofing felt Along the perimeter of the foundation of the future eco-house - in those places where the walls will be erected - roofing felt is laid for waterproofing. Step 3. Bottom wall trim The next step is laying the wall trim. Its width is 40 cm, respectively, and the thickness of the walls will be the same

It is important to note that the lower trim can be insulated - for example, with ecowool or linen insulation. Step 4

Walls The walls in the eco-house are sandwich panels densely stuffed with straw. They are installed and fastened together using powerful screws and screwdrivers. They are also fixed to the lower harness. Step 5. Installing lintels Reliable lintels are installed in window and door openings - these are also panels stuffed with straw. Step 6. Completion of work with the installation of sandwich panels The sandwich panels are installed: the result is such a frame-straw structure - reliable walls of the future energy-efficient eco-house. Step 7. Top frame of the wall The next step is to fasten the walls from above with the top frame. A Mauerlat is installed on it. Step 8. Roof base Next, the rafter system is installed. The rafters are also connected to each other using bolts and screws, using fastening metal corners and plates. Step 9. Roofing A continuous sheathing made of plywood made using bioglue is laid on top of the rafters - this material is ideal for an eco-house. A counter-lattice is placed on top of it, onto which the roofing straw is fixed. Step 10. Installing Windows and Doors When the roof is completely ready, you can proceed to installing windows and doors. It is also important to choose them correctly - those made of fiberglass or wood are good. Step 11. Facade cladding The only thing left to do is the façade cladding. It is produced using panels made using wood shavings and clay. Then the facade can be plastered with clay mortar and painted with environmentally friendly paint.

Construction stages

Building a house using the Canadian method begins with the correct selection of a site for construction. It should be smooth, without large holes and boulders. Even if you decide to build a Canadian frame house with your own hands, it is better to entrust the design to professionals. This will guarantee that errors are minimized during the assembly and construction of the house.

Which foundation to choose

The basis of any house is the foundation. The type of foundation is determined taking into account the type of soil on which the construction site is located and the proximity of groundwater.

The advantage of a Canadian frame house is its low weight, so shallow strip, concrete block or pile-screw foundations can be used for construction.

Strip is one of the most common types of foundations for a frame house. Concrete block is used on moving types of soil; the slab lowers and rises with seasonal expansion of the soil. Pile foundations are ideal in swampy areas, or in areas with permafrost, as well as in cases of construction of small one-story houses.

Features of floor assembly

The next step after the foundation is laying the floor. The floor consists of wooden beams connected to each other and the foundation, and floor joists (board 50x150 mm), the upper part of which is aligned horizontally.

The tree must be dry, treated from exposure to fire and parasites. Beams are nailed to the bottom of the logs - the basis of the subfloor, on which a vapor barrier film is laid.

Layers of insulation are laid between the joists, and boards, OSB boards or plywood sheets are placed on top.

It is important that the floor is level, since then the frame racks will be attached to it and unevenness will subsequently lead to distortions of the entire building

Construction and insulation of walls

For a frame house using Canadian technology, the frame of each wall is assembled separately, after which it is lifted and installed on the lower frame. The lower frame consists of boards that are fixed around the entire perimeter of the house; they repeat the structure of the floor walls.

The frame of a house using this technology usually consists of SIP panels - they are easy to install and have high thermal efficiency. The distance between the racks, as a rule, is a multiple of the width of the insulation - 60 cm. An upper frame is made on top of the installed frame, onto which the roof rafters or the interfloor ceiling and the second floor are installed.

After completing the assembly of the external walls, they begin to install the internal ones. Inside the house, in the areas of interior partitions, support beams for the ceiling beams are installed. For ceiling beams, timber measuring 5x15 cm is used.

When constructing partitions, materials of lower density are used, since the load on the partitions is minimal. The basis for the walls is usually OSB sheets or moisture-resistant plywood.

Particular attention should be paid to insulation, since the cost of heating a house depends on its quality and quantity. Professionals recommend using mineral wool for these purposes, since it has optimal thermal efficiency, is fireproof and contains few harmful substances

In addition, mineral wool is quite economical.

The outside walls are decorated with various materials - brick, vinyl siding, porcelain tiles, and so on. Carefully seal the joints between the outer skin and the installation sites of window and door openings. Drainage holes are placed between the walls of the house and the outer skin to prevent moisture accumulation.

Roof installation

The rafter system is made of 5x10 cm boards. The sheathing is made of smaller boards - 2.5 cm thick and 10 cm long. According to existing standards, the roof slope can be from 28 to 50 degrees. For convenience, the rafters are first assembled on the ground, and only then raised to the roof.

The distance between the rafters is about 70 cm. The structure is assembled in the form of the letter “L” and installed on the top frame.

Roofing materials are selected taking into account the preferences and financial capabilities of the homeowner - this can be corrugated sheeting, flexible tiles, slate.

Eco house design

The architecture of an eco-house should, first of all, ensure the lowest consumption of energy resources and create optimal operation for all bioenergy systems

When designing an eco-friendly home, it is very important to consider, first of all, the following:

1. An eco-house must have special zoning, where the heated part of it must be the smallest. In the process of designing an eco-friendly house on your own, it is best to divide the entire building into a heated zone and a periodically heated area in the off-season.
2. The correct location of the heated part of the house to the elements of the yard is the key to effective reduction of energy resources, and leads to the least loss of heat in the winter.
3. The construction of an eco-house must be carried out in stages, the same applies to equipping the eco-house with various engineering equipment.
4. An eco-house must have a natural ventilation system due to the complete sealing of the house.
5. An important point when building an eco-house is its correct location on the land plot, relative to the landscape, and methods of subsequent work on the suburban area. All existing engineering systems in an eco-house must ensure an autonomous supply of hot and cold water, electricity and ventilation to the user, as well as disposal of all waste.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=pE3qTQQK6rI

DIY construction

When building an eco-house, an important criterion is its location, since it is necessary to make maximum use of the sun’s energy, both for heating all rooms and for heating hot water, and this must be taken into account when independently designing a house. A house correctly located relative to the south will allow you to use the maximum amount of solar energy, thereby reducing the load on existing engineering systems.

Selecting a location

When choosing the location of an eco-house and its correct placement on a plot of land, it is very important to know that the eco-house should not be shaded on the eastern side, and especially on the south and west, since the effectiveness of the eco-house completely depends on this. After choosing the right place to build an eco-house, they begin the actual construction of the building with their own hands. The main components of the body of an eco-house are its durability, good thermal insulation, and excellent mechanical strength

Special buffer zones are installed along the entire perimeter of the eco-house, which can provide it with additional protection in terms of heat retention. You can later attach a summer veranda, a workshop or a garage to the body of the eco-house

The main components of the eco-house body are its durability, good thermal insulation, and excellent mechanical strength. Special buffer zones are installed along the entire perimeter of the eco-house, which can provide it with additional protection in terms of heat retention. You can later attach a summer veranda, a workshop or a garage to the body of the eco-house

After choosing the right place to build an eco-house, they begin the actual construction of the building with their own hands. The main components of the eco-house body are its durability, good thermal insulation, and excellent mechanical strength. Special buffer zones are installed along the entire perimeter of the eco-house, which can provide it with additional protection in terms of heat retention. You can subsequently add a summer veranda, a workshop or a garage to the body of the eco-house.

Thermal insulation of eco home

When building an eco-friendly house with your own hands, increased attention is paid to the so-called “cold bridges”, where cold can penetrate into the house from the street. In the northern regions, when building an eco-friendly house, it is necessary to provide for the creation of an additional thermal mask around the entire perimeter of the house. The thermal mask is constructed from heavier building materials

During the day, such a mask can effectively accumulate solar heat, and at night it can effectively retain it.

The thermal mask is constructed from heavier building materials. During the day, such a mask can effectively accumulate solar heat, and at night it can effectively retain it.

If an eco-house is built using frame technology, then its outer perimeter is usually made of lightweight natural materials, such as straw. In this case, a system is installed in the house, which is an active heat accumulator. Such a system can be either a conventional heater or an open chimney.

Foundation

Like all buildings, an eco-house also has a fundamental foundation. Depending on the type of soil on which the structure is erected, as well as the depth of groundwater and flood regimes, the following types of foundations can be used when constructing an eco-house: strip, columnar, or various small-block types of foundations. A reliable drainage system must be installed around the perimeter of the entire foundation.

Walls and cladding

The walls of an eco-house are multi-layered and have up to four layers. The first layer usually consists of whitewash, wallpaper or paint. The second layer consists of plaster, as well as a vapor barrier and a load-bearing wall. The third layer contains insulation, which is often used as straw. The fourth layer is the ventilated gap and the facing material of the facade. In order to further provide for delamination of the walls of an eco-house, it is necessary to use special ties during the construction of its walls.

The cladding of the walls of an eco-friendly house is most often made of wood, decorative brick or plaster and can be done with your own hands. The main criterion when choosing a facing material for an eco-friendly house is its increased resistance to various precipitation.

What to build an eco-house from?

Popular building materials are wood and brick. They have their pros and cons, which should be considered in more detail.

So, the advantages of wood:

Thanks to its porous structure, it easily absorbs and releases heat and moisture; hypoallergenic (an exception may be laminated veneer lumber, so it is important to check the composition of the glue with the manufacturer); aesthetics; nice smell; light weight; dimensions that allow you to raise a residential building in a short time; affordable price.

The disadvantages listed below can be mitigated using modern means:

• instability to fire (solved by treatment with fire retardants);
• susceptibility to rotting, exposure to pests (can be avoided by waterproofing, antiseptic treatment);
• drying out, loss of volume (it is recommended to purchase already dried timber).

The advantages of brick include:

• strength;
• reliability;
• fire-resistant properties;
• environmental friendliness;
• aesthetic qualities.

The list of disadvantages of this material should include:

• high price;
• high thermal conductivity coefficient;
• heaviness, requiring a solid foundation, connecting fittings, and mortar.

Separately, it is worth mentioning gas blocks and foam blocks. They are foamed building materials, in other words, cellular concrete. The composition of aerated blocks includes cement, sand, lime, water, and aluminum paste. The composition of foam blocks includes cement, lime, water, certain types of industrial waste (blast furnace slag, etc.), soap or sulfide liquor.

The foam block does not absorb moisture, but the gas block quickly absorbs it. Gas block is 2 times better than foam block in terms of heat and sound insulation properties, so it is used as insulation. Due to the uneven shape of foam blocks, glue consumption increases, and gas blocks have an ideal geometry. Due to its high density, the strength of the foam block is slightly higher. Gas block is more expensive than foam block, but cheaper than brick.

Another common building material is SIP panels (Structural Insulated Panel). Consists of two oriented strand boards (OSB) and polystyrene foam between these boards. The panel components are glued together using polyurethane adhesive under pressure. The binding component in OSB is phenol-formaldehyde resins, which can be harmful to health.

Thermal insulation of the house - we use “Geokar”

The most interesting stage of construction: the space between the double frame walls is filled with pressed peat briquettes “geocar”, they are laid with dressing, without mortar. The blocks are self-supporting and do not shrink over time. Since peat itself is an antiseptic, it does not harbor any living creatures, as well as fungi and mold.

The internal space of the frame is filled with Geocar insulation - pressed peat briquettes with the addition of sawdust. The blocks are self-supporting and are laid with dressing without mortar. When laying, you can do without vapor barrier membranes

Peat behaves very interestingly near the “dew point”. Condensation that falls out in other heat-insulating materials in the form of dew drops, freezing, destroys the material, but nothing like that happens in the thickness of peat. The steam condenses in the form of frost, which does not disturb the porous structure of the “geocar” and quickly evaporates—“sublimes,” as physicists say. Therefore, when laying thermal insulation from peat blocks, you can do without vapor barrier membranes, which are mandatory when building a frame house using mineral wool. This means that our house does not require artificial ventilation. This is another plus in favor of environmental friendliness and comfort.

According to the conclusion of the Research Institute of Stroyphysics, the “geocar” in terms of durability corresponds to brick, stone and panel walls. "Geokar" can be used not only as insulation, but also as a structural material when constructing external walls in buildings up to 3 floors.

Heat pump

To provide a home with free (or practically free) heating, heat pumps are successfully used, which operate on the same principle as split systems with a heating function (by the way, they are three times more profitable than conventional heating element heaters). Only here the thermal energy is “sucked” from the ground - a special geothermal circuit is buried in a trench or in a well. The initial investment in this system is relatively large, but it pays off fairly quickly. And by the way, you can do it yourself - there are manuals on the Internet, if you wish.

In the meantime, watch this video in which a real user who installed a heat pump for his energy-efficient home shares his experience of its operation, gives cost estimates, and tells many other interesting things:

Nowadays, many people from big cities are trying to escape to nature. But if we continue to thoughtlessly exploit natural resources and pollute the environment with the products of our vital activity, then there will be nowhere to run - there will be no nature left. Therefore, people who care not only about themselves, but also about the future of their descendants, turn to environmentally friendly construction and management methods.

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A little about the origin of passive houses

In European countries, the issue of saving energy resources has been acute for a very long time. For many years, their professors struggled to develop economical systems for heating, ventilation and solar heat conversion. They managed to reduce energy costs, but did not reduce the heat loss of the building.

Then German scientists came up with the idea of ​​​​creating a passive house, and they managed to bring it to life already in 1996. It was then that the Passive House Institute was opened in Germany, where experimental structures of this type were erected. Since then, several thousand such houses have been built in America and Europe, and today their number is rapidly increasing.

In Russia, this technology is still little known, so not everyone still knows what an eco-house is and how it differs from the buildings we are used to. So let's look into this issue!

Installation of the rafter system

An important stage in the construction of a frame house, as with any other technology, is the selection of the type and installation of the roof. Frame construction is positioned as quick construction. Therefore, most often they choose a conventional gable design. If all construction standards are observed, the roof of a frame house can be constructed of any configuration and complexity, but this will require more time.

For good snow removal, the roof slope should be more than 28 degrees, but should not exceed 50 degrees - the wind load on such a roof increases several times.

Roof counter-lattice on the house frameSource goroddomov.ru

To construct the rafters, boards 20x5 cm 6 m long are taken. The first pair of rafters is assembled from two boards and installed on the edge of the frame. The same pair is installed on the opposite side. Cords are stretched between two pairs of rafters on both sides to control the plane of the roof. The rest of the rafters are set along them. The step between them varies from 60 to 80 cm depending on the choice of insulation. For strengthening, wooden crossbars with a cross-section of 20x5 cm are used. They fasten a pair of rafters like the letter “A”.

Green building in The Sims 4

When you hover over an object, you can see whether it has an impact on its eco-footprint. Depending on what materials the object is made of, it can be either environmentally friendly or industrial. To build an eco-house, you need to use as many materials as possible that have the status of “environmentally friendly” and completely abandon industrial ones.

Please note that many items from the base game and earlier expansions have these statuses, so you cannot simply filter by Sustainable Living to see all items made from natural materials. Unfortunately, there are no additional status filters in the game yet, so you will have to look at everything manually during the construction process

Let's hope that the developers will add such a filter in one of the future updates (though we shouldn't count on it, considering how many years it took them to add sorting to the character's luggage).

Roofs - two new types of roofing can store water and electricity. Living Roof (Water Factor 1) and Solar Tile Roof (Energy Factor 1)

• Wall coverings - most of them have received "industrial status", seriously limiting the possibilities for home design. However, if you use not only eco-friendly coatings, but also neutral ones, it is quite possible to create a unique, cozy interior.
• Floor coverings - the situation here is a little better than with wall coverings: there are more floors made from natural materials, but not so many industrial ones.

Plants - Use as many live plants, flowers and shrubs from Build Mode as possible.

Please note: flowers in pots and other indoor plants from the purchase section (Decor category) do not have a positive impact on the environment, unlike outdoor vegetation. Hedges - most are neutral, with the exception of new wood and green bush hedges

Hedges - most are neutral, with the exception of new wood and green bush hedges

Windows and doors - as with other objects, you need to pay attention to whether they are made of natural materials. There are many interesting designs that are not similar to those that were previously in the game

Windows can be beautifully decorated using building codes.

Friezes, stairs, roof sculptures, window sills, arches and other small things do not affect the eco-footprint in any way.

Please note: The use of certain items in construction may provide benefits, reducing the amount of bills. Data on the presence or absence of benefits can be seen when viewing information about the object

Industrial facilities, on the contrary, can increase the bill amount.

Tiny houses

The smaller the house, the easier it is to strike a delicate balance between energy/water consumption and production. Also, the small size of the house allows you to get rid of everything you need and leave only really necessary and useful things. In addition, you do not need to spend a lot of electricity on lighting. If you have the Sims 4 Tiny Living add-on installed, a tiny house will also provide a positive bonus for living in it.

Photos of frame houses

Frame house with a balconySource vash-remontik.ru Frame house with classic German exterior decorationSource lesstroy.net Original frame house with a small roof slopeSource all-companies.ru Frame house with a veranda and sloping roofSource kraust.ru

Two-story prefabricated frame houseSource mebel-go.ru Construction of a frame house in winterSource pinterest.ca Frame house with a 4-pitched combined roofSource cdd.su

Video example of arranging such a house

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Air heating of a private country house: principles of design, selection of equipment and calculation

Installation of formwork and laying the walls of a thatched house

For these purposes, it is necessary to prepare removable formwork from sheet wood materials or boards.

It is much more convenient to carry out the process together: one of the workers places straw and clay in the wall space, and the other, using improvised means, compacts the material in the formwork.

This is done at the entire height of the walls, gradually moving the formwork and attaching it to the frame elements using self-tapping screws. In order to avoid destruction of the constructed part of the walls of the future house made of clay, it is better to carry out all work in a dry period of time. To increase strength, it is necessary to allow the compacted part of the wall to partially dry and continue working, moistening the upper part of the lower layer with diluted clay to a thicker consistency.

Energy balance

An important characteristic of eco-housing is the balance between transmission or ventilation heat loss and its formation together with energy from the sun, heating and internal heat sources. To achieve this, the following components

:

• compactness
  of the building;
• thermal insulation
  of the heated area;
• supply of thermal energy from the sun
  , through window openings facing south with a deviation of up to 30 degrees and no darkening.

When calculating, the angle of incidence of light from the sun at different times of the year is taken into account. Source stroyka.uz

To reduce energy costs, you should use household appliances with high levels of energy efficiency. The ideal passive housing is a thermos house with no heating. Water can be heated using a solar collector or a heat pump.

What is bionics?

When you try to figure out what the concepts of “eco-house” and “green house” mean, you are sure to come across the term “bionics”. This is a science at the intersection of technology and biology, solving engineering problems by analyzing the structure and vital functions of organisms.

If we talk about architectural bionics, then this is a branch of bionic science that solves the problem of reuniting architectural objects with the surrounding nature. Simply put, it involves borrowing bionic principles from the surrounding world and from living organisms for construction.

At the same time, bionics not only copies forms from nature and makes houses an extension of the surrounding world, it involves the use of the principles of saving materials, environmental friendliness and energy saving, which is very close to the concept of an eco-house.

Natural types of insulation

If readers are interested in what an eco-house is, then now it is necessary to get acquainted with the next mandatory element - environmentally friendly insulation, since it is necessary for all “energy-efficient” buildings. There are several worthy candidates for thermal insulation of an environmentally friendly building.

Moss: red, cuckoo flax, sphagnum

This material has been used as inter-crown insulation since “antediluvian” times, so there is no doubt about the advantages of the natural material. Its main drawback is its fragility, but its availability somewhat diminishes it. It is quite easy to fill any holes and cracks with moss. It will take moisture from the air, and if the room is too dry, release it, maintaining its thermal insulation properties.

This natural material is breathable and does not rot, and this is its most important advantage. Moss has some disadvantages. A log house insulated with it does not look the best. In addition, this seal is constantly leaking, so it requires updating annually.

Flax, jute or hemp tow

Richer ancestors did not use moss, preferring another “innovative” method. More “advanced” materials were chosen as insulation for cracks: they gave preference to tow, which was then lined with hemp rope. Now they produce mats, plates and tapes.

Such heat insulators have not become worse, but they are stronger and more durable. All the benefits of moss apply to these materials, but their density is much higher. Jute is often used in the construction of “eco-baths”. Its advantage over other natural “colleagues” is better moisture absorption.

Eco-friendly cotton wool

Ecowool is an insulation material obtained from cellulose. Primary wood raw materials or ordinary waste paper are used as raw materials. Recyclable materials are crushed, then rolled into small balls, which are impregnated with fire and bioprotection. The resulting mass is sprayed onto the walls using a pneumatic installation.

The thermal insulation layer is seamless, dense, and absolutely smooth. The quality of cotton wool insulation and the possibility of using it in the construction of an eco-friendly house depends only on the composition of the impregnations that were used in the production of eco-friendly wool.

Seaweed

These aquatic plants are unique: they are used to make cosmetics, oil and salads, pillows, bags and... insulation. Nowadays, slabs, bulk thermal insulation materials, pierced mats, and ladders are produced from algae. The properties of these plants are in many ways similar to those of wood.

However, marine vegetation does not burn, does not rot, and is not afraid of mold. Insects and rodents also do not like them, since the algae contains a high content of sea salt. For example, a heat insulator made of zostera (damask) is not inferior to mineral wool, and even surpasses it in strength.

Peat blocks

They are made from sawdust and peat, which is known for its bactericidal properties. It does not rot, “knows how” to absorb unpleasant odors, and does not become a victim of rodents. If we consider heat conservation, then masonry made of peat blocks 500 mm thick is equal in this indicator to masonry made of sand-lime bricks 1800 mm thick.

Excellent sound insulation, protection from radiation, ease of installation due to easy cutting of the material, allows the use of peat bricks even for the construction of walls. But the best option is insulation of frame houses. The downside is that it is flammable, requiring the protection of peat blocks.

We are building an eco-house - a hobbit house and an earthen ship

It would seem that these houses are part of the land itself; the presence of the house in the hill is revealed only by the facade and a few windows. Homes built partially underground have a number of incredible benefits, such as the ability to absorb and regulate solar heat, keeping the home warm during cold weather.

Houses of this type can be built entirely underground, covered with an embankment of earth on one or three sides, or built into a hill, when only the front part of the building remains open.

The construction of an eco-house, the so-called “earth ship,” requires the use of waste bottles, cans, and car tires, which are filled with earth and houses of the most incredible shapes and sizes are built from these “garbage” materials. Beginners, of course, build houses of the simplest design, which require less effort and expense. However, there are many “earthships” in the world that are masterpieces of the art of construction.

Cement and wood chips

If you mix cement with sawdust, you get a building material known as wood concrete. Blocks were formed from this mixture and buildings for agricultural purposes were built from them, and in the 60s of the last century their production was put on an industrial scale, but over time the production withered away.

Self-builders have developed the idea and instead of laying small-piece wood concrete blocks, they use monolithic wood concrete - a mixture of sawdust and cement is poured into removable formwork. In this way, a strong, homogeneous structure is formed without masonry joints - potential cold bridges, which reduces heat loss through the building envelope. The wall itself is also stronger than a wall made of blocks.

The main problem in making wood concrete is that cement and wood (chips) do not mix well with each other. The reason is raw, undried wood containing sugar, which prevents the formation of a solid material. Simply put, wood chips and cement do not adhere, since there is weak adhesion between these materials. In order for them to adhere, the chips must be additionally treated with special mineralizers.

Photo: www.forumhouse.ru

It is believed that dry chips of coniferous wood - pine and spruce, measuring 40 mm (length) x 10 mm (width) x 5 mm (thickness) mm, are best suited for the production of wood concrete.

Let us note that we have not yet seen houses made of monolithic wood concrete in Belarus - we found the above examples from the Russians.

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Made from wood chips, straw, firewood and clay. Five technologies for building a cheap house with your own hands Is it possible to build a house from free materials?

Walls made of adobe bricks (blocks).

They are laid out in the same way as from any other blocks. It is better to use liquid adobe dough as a solution (clay-sand mixture with a clay to sand proportion of 1:1-4:3 and the addition of cut straw or fire, the usual consistency for a solution). The thickness of the seam should be about 1 cm. In one day, it is advisable to lay no more than two rows of blocks (total height up to 40 cm), so that the solution can dry and set within a day. If necessary, cut the adobe brick using a hatchet. The advantages of the method are high reliability, since by making a brick in advance, you can see how durable it is. It will take less time for the house to dry; you can finish the walls immediately after construction. Disadvantages are the labor-intensive and time-consuming process of making bricks, the need to store a large volume of material, protecting it from getting wet.

Save on little things

Having saved on building a box at home, you can continue to save by performing finishing work. The cheapest option for finishing a facade, for example, is to use acrylic and silicate plaster, the cost of which is much cheaper than the cost of natural stone, facing bricks and other materials

If you live in the European part of Russia and during construction paid sufficient attention to insulating the structure of the house, you should not overpay by installing expensive double-glazed windows. If your house is not located near a noisy highway, it is enough to install the simplest double-glazed window. Don’t get carried away with expensive fittings

Don't get carried away with expensive fittings.

We have offered only the most popular ways to save money when building a house, but there are many more options, so when starting construction, you should do a thorough analysis. Logical thinking and patience will help with this, and your home will not only be cheap, but also of high quality. published econet.ru

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What is straw

Straw is considered a thermal insulation material. It is good to use in construction. Wheat and rye straw has significant thermal properties. Housing created from such material acquired the name “eco-house” (ecological housing). This raw material is allowed to be used in construction.

One of the most popular questions regarding the construction of such houses is how quickly and efficiently they can build such a house, as well as at what price. In our country, most houses are built of brick, and for those who decide to experiment and make themselves a thatched house, it will be useful to know the details.

It is very important that these are renewable raw materials, which are inexpensive and easy to convert into building materials, and can be easily recycled after long-term use. Namely:

• leave to rot in the open air;
• burn;
• save.

Advantages and disadvantages of each method

The advantages of block technologies are the possibility of preliminary preparation of blocks and the rapid construction of walls.

However, there is a need to store a large volume of finished material in a dry room - this is a serious drawback.

The advantage of frame construction is that the strength of the walls does not depend on the parameters of the adobe mixture, which means that it can be made as light as possible, which will allow you to do without insulation.

However, higher construction costs can be considered a disadvantage.

For adobe technologies, it is not necessary to store finished blocks for a long time, but this is the only plus; there are many more minuses:

• the construction of walls requires much more heavy manual labor, which cannot be mechanized;
• a wall gains strength much more slowly than one made from blocks, so building a house takes much longer.

Construction of an eco-house: dream or reality

Interest in the construction of eco-houses is growing every day - projects that previously seemed fantastic are being brought to life and showing amazing results. Some principles of eco-friendly housing are familiar to anyone who has lived or vacationed in a village.

To this day, outside the city, houses are built from rounded logs, timber, bricks - that is, natural materials that do not contain harmful artificial impurities.

Scheme of a two-story residential building using the “double timber” technology – walls, internal floors, ceilings are made of two layers of wood (profiled dry pine timber)

Advanced villagers and summer residents have long installed septic tanks and biological stations - compact modern waste processing systems. Household plums decompose naturally, then the solid sediment is used as fertilizer, and the liquid is purified (up to 98%) and put into secondary use - for watering the garden or vegetable garden, and maintaining the territory.

Diagram of a biological water treatment system with two chambers (aerobic and anaerobic) and a filtration field. After purification, the liquid enters the ground

Of course, with the heating system everything is different: as before, the main source of heat is either an electric (gas, gasoline, coal) boiler or a stove, which is heated in the old fashioned way with wood. In environmentally friendly systems, the use of natural fuel (gas, coal, firewood, petroleum products) is excluded.

The use of solar panels leads to economical consumption of the generated electricity, because the power of the alternative system is not enough to ensure the operation of energy-intensive devices

The following are recognized as optimal sources of energy and heat:

• hydrodynamic heat generator with cavitator;
• solar powered system;
• wind home generators;
• biogas plants (for farms).

The functioning of smart heating systems, energy saving and waste recycling are combined, and the result is full autonomous maintenance of the house without any air or soil pollution.

An eco-house with an area of ​​48 m², designed by Romanian specialists, is built of laminated timber and double-glazed windows, the roof is covered with wooden tiles. Cost – 25 thousand euros

It turns out that if you wish, you can build an absolutely “clean” house yourself, especially since there are plenty of examples - in the countries of Scandinavia, Austria, Germany, Denmark, and Great Britain, hundreds of ecological housing projects are being developed, not only by nature lovers and representatives of “green” groups, but and government agencies.

From the earth, soil

Since ancient times, people have built houses from soil, making soil blocks that were previously prepared in shape by ramming or plastic molding. Unfortunately, not all construction secrets have been preserved to this day. Mixing soil with your feet or manually tamping is hard physical work. To prepare the material, special equipment was created - a hand-held electrified tool. It allows anyone with land to manufacture most of the parts for their home right on site. The resulting material is cheap, fireproof, and buildings made from it provide comfortable living conditions.