How to use a screwdriver: care and preparation of the tool

November 14, 2015 Hand-held power tools, electric-pneumatic tools

Screwdrivers are equally actively used by owners of country houses and owners of city apartments, since they are truly a universal and irreplaceable tool. Professional builders also constantly use this tool in their work, which facilitates the monotonous actions of tightening/unscrewing nuts, screwing in screws, and drilling holes. Using screwdrivers, sheet and panel finishing materials are attached to bases, furniture is assembled, metal, plastic or wood is drilled, and minor repairs are performed.

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Very often on forums people wonder what power they should choose a screwdriver in order to easily drive self-tapping screws or screws of such and such a diameter and length?
Or, in other words, what torque should a screwdriver have in Nm for certain tasks? People get different answers to these questions. Most often, there are offers from “all-knowing specialists” to buy expensive semi-professional 18-volt models. Like, they can definitely do anything. But is it worth paying twice as much if it suddenly turns out that younger 10-14 volt models are also good? And if there is a difference, what is it?

We will try to briefly talk about the theory and move on to practice.

Drill and hammer icons

If you have an impact drill, then on its body you can see the “drill” and “hammer” icons. If you are just drilling, for example, wood, choose a “drill”. This will prevent the cartridge from turning under any force. If you need to drill a concrete wall, place it on the “hammer” to start the impact mechanism.

ATTENTION!!!

These modes are not used when tightening screws! Because if there is a lot of resistance, the cartridge will get stuck. And the drill itself will spin, grabbing your hand. And this is fraught with serious injuries.

Theory

In our article on “choosing the best screwdriver,” we already touched on this topic, but now we’ll tell you in a little more detail, but so that no one gets a headache from the formulas.

The main indicator of a screwdriver's power is torque (torque), which is measured in Nm. Figuratively speaking, 10 Nm would be equivalent to the rotational force created by a one-kilogram weight mounted on a one-meter lever, the other end of which is rigidly attached to the rotating shaft.

For semi-professional models of screwdrivers, as well as those intended for home craftsmen, the typical torque value is from 10 to 60 Nm. If we take the “average temperature in a hospital,” then we can carefully assume that a certain average screwdriver has a torque characteristic of 25 Nm.

However, not everything is so simple here, since in practice the output torque value of electric motors is not constant and depends, first of all, on the speed - the higher the speed, the lower the torque on the shaft. Ideally, the graph is linear with a slight slope - the lowest torque will be at maximum speed, the highest - with a stationary shaft. But in the latter case, a situation will arise, in fact, of a short circuit of the electric motor windings. How many seconds the motor will burn out depends on what its windings are made of. But rest assured, you will be provided with smoke and a burning smell.

In order not to lead to “sin”, expensive models have an automatic shutdown system in case of overload, when the ratio of the number of revolutions per second in relation to the consumed current suddenly exceeds a dangerous threshold. However, our question here is completely different - what is the line that cannot be crossed, that is, what is the minimum engine speed, and, consequently, the torque at which it will operate without overheating and further damage to itself?

In other words, we already operate with two torque values. Which one do you think is indicated by the manufacturer in the technical specifications of the screwdriver? No, you didn't guess. Each manufacturer has its own measurement method and its own concept of this characteristic. No one reveals the details, and there is no general standard. Therefore, very often you can observe a situation where a screwdriver with weaker characteristics turns out to be noticeably more powerful than a stronger one.

The only way out of this situation can be practical tests under the same conditions.

Features of proper storage to increase service life

Knowing how corded and cordless screwdrivers work, it remains to figure out how to care for them in order to extend their service life. Everything is as simple as the principle of operation of a screwdriver. When storing, the following recommendations are taken into account:

1. Prevent water from entering the instrument
2. Do not miss or drop the device, as in addition to damaging the housing, internal devices may fail.
3. Ensure that the chuck is regularly lubricated to increase its service life
4. If various contaminants get inside, then before using the device again, you should disassemble and clean it.
5. Do not store the tool with completely discharged batteries.
6. The device should be stored and operated in a temperature range not lower than -5 and not higher than +30 degrees
7. Cool the bit when drilling

Only by following all of the above recommendations can you ensure long-term use of the tool without breakdowns. The service life of the device also depends on the quality, since a cheap Chinese screwdriver cannot serve for a long time a priori, because only low-quality components are used in its production.

To summarize, it is worth noting that not only the master whose work is related to the operation of the device, but also beginners who use the tool for the first time should know how a screwdriver works. This will extend the life of the screwdriver, and will also eliminate the need to take the device to a service center if malfunctions occur.

Screwdriver torque

When choosing a screwdriver, you should understand several important features. You can buy a tool for household use, perform simple work from time to time, or set the goal of purchasing a tool of a professional category in order to perform commercial tasks with its help. In any case, pay attention to the torque characteristic to prevent overload and damage to the product during intensive use.

Non-traditional use cases

In addition to its direct purpose, an electric screwdriver is used to perform various non-traditional operations. These include the following types of work:

• polishing the car and its headlights;
• mixing small volumes of various building mixtures and paints;
• drilling holes in ice (for this purpose the tool is equipped with a special attachment - a drill);
• binding of reinforcement;
• thread cutting;
• mowing the grass (for this purpose, convert the device into a trimmer or lawn mower, or simply insert an attachment with blades into the cartridge);
• chopping soft grass or thin branches (for this, a garden shredder is created based on a drill-driver);
• surface grinding;
• cutting materials;
• twisting of wires.

This is far from a complete list of non-traditional work performed using battery-powered or corded models of electric screwdrivers. Inventive thought does not stand still. Almost every specialist has options for work that is atypical for this power tool.

Using a screwdriver, you can return your car to its original color and shine. To polish a car, use the following types of attachments:

• leather or fabric circles, with their help they perform initial cleaning of surfaces;
• felt - they are used for initial processing and final polishing (nozzles made from sheepskin are suitable);
• foam rubber.

Polishing pastes and polishes are also used along with the equipment. They come in these types:

• silicone;
• abrasive;
• non-abrasive.

Using similar means, headlights are polished.

The quality of the achieved result is determined by the correct combination of attachments with polishing agents, as well as the accuracy and skill of performing the work.

Knitting reinforcing bars using steel wire is very common in the construction industry during the construction of reinforced concrete (monolithic) structures, for example, foundations and houses. Even if there is only a small amount of work to be done, working with a hand hook or pliers is quite unproductive. A cordless or corded electric screwdriver equipped with a hook attachment will help you knit reinforcement much faster. In this case, the power indicator of the tool is not particularly important.

Twisting the cut ends of wires, for example in junction boxes, is also a fairly routine job. You can speed up the process by using a screwdriver with a special attachment. How twisting is done is shown in the video below:

Moment of power

Torque is defined as the force exerted on a rigid body during rotation. For example, you need to tighten a hex bolt. For this task, there is a key that requires force. The product of this force and the length of the key is that very torque. More leverage provides more torque. This indicator is measured in newtons per meter.

A traction torque of 10 Nm for a screwdriver can be represented as a load with a mass of 100 grams at the end of a meter-long lever, or you can reduce the length of the lever to 10 cm, increasing the weight of the load to 10 kg.

If the technical specifications of a tool indicate a maximum torque of 25 Nm, this means that the motor will transmit, through a gearbox, to the chuck a force equal to the impact of a 2.5 kg load through a meter-long lever.

The importance of increased torque when working with fasteners of large diameters and lengths is due to the high friction force that occurs at the moment of screwing. The deeper the fastener is immersed in the material, the higher this force will be.

Planetary reductor

Regardless of the equipment of the model, it is always located in a separate case, made of plastic or metal. Main elements of the screwdriver gearbox:

• sun gear;
• ring gear;
• satellites;
• 1-2 drivers.

The main part is a ring gear, which has a cylindrical shape. Along its circumference there are small teeth along which the satellites move. They are typically mounted on strong carrier pins, with the sun gear in the center of the first row.

The moving shaft is inserted into the gearbox using magnetic contacts and performs rotational movements during operation. A two-stage gearbox always contains a second carrier. Given the complexity of the job, it may move faster or slower than the torque of the tool's motor shaft.

Important! A high-quality screwdriver should be equipped with a double-sided gearbox. This design allows you to adjust the power and speed of work without increasing the load on the engine of the tool.

Maximum revolutions per minute

Not less important. The parameter indicates at what frequency the spindle will rotate. For most modern tools, electronics are responsible for adjusting the rotation speed. The rotational speed of the chuck, as well as the torque, affects the capabilities of the drill-driver when driving screws or drilling in a hard surface.

There is an inverse relationship between torque and speed. As the speed increases, the torque decreases and vice versa.

To give the tool the ability to change the ratio of these quantities, the design has a mechanical gearbox, and to further increase functionality, the product is equipped with multi-stage or two-speed adjustment.

It turns out that at low speed with high torque it is optimal to tighten the screws, and at the second, at high speed, drill in materials. If there is a third speed, then it is used for drilling small-diameter holes at high speeds.

Maximum torque can be achieved by fully pressing the start button. With two-speed drills/drivers, the first speed will have a higher torque rating than the second.

The adjustment ring next to the chuck, marked from 1 to 15, determines the amount of torque. Sometimes there are more divisions on the scale, and as a rule, there is a position indicating the drilling mode. By setting one of the numerical marks on the regulator, we limit the moment at which the tool stops turning and characteristic clicks begin. In drilling mode there are no such restrictions; the machine will try to tighten the fasteners to the maximum of its capabilities. It is important to remember that the numbers do not indicate the specific value of the moment, but only help to increase or decrease it.

It is generally accepted that screwdrivers with a high torque of 40-60 Nm are obviously professional, and on the contrary, those with a torque of up to 20 Nm are only suitable for amateur craftsmen.

There are production tasks in which high torque is not required, but in which special requirements are placed on the tool in terms of wear resistance and maintainability. Only a tool designed for intensive work can cope with work on a conveyor line or in a furniture assembly shop on an ongoing basis. Such machines are generally considered professional, regardless of the amount of torque.

To simplify the choice of tool, we will conditionally designate what torque is required for different types of tasks:

• For household use and occasional use, models up to 10-15 Nm are suitable; these are cordless screwdrivers and DIY-class screwdrivers - for home craftsmen.

• For use for commercial purposes: furniture assembly, frame-panel construction, finishing work, installation of metal structures - tools with the largest torque range from 10 to 35 Nm are suitable.
• Separately, it can be noted that for mixing dry mixtures, a reserve of torque is required and, at a minimum, it should be 65 Nm.

• Amateur and professional fishermen should note that a fishing screwdriver capable of drilling holes using an ice drill attachment must have a torque of at least 80 Nm.

A universal specimen must have a high enough torque to not only be limited to tightening screws, but also to drill holes of various diameters in almost all materials.

Spindle speed adjustment

Another very important device of a screwdriver is the speed controller. The device circuit consists of a pulse-width controller and a switch based on a field-effect transistor. Control is carried out by a variable resistor. Depending on the force of pressure on the button, its resistance changes and, as a result, the spindle rotation speed increases or decreases. Thanks to the presence of changeover contacts, reverse rotation of the cartridge is carried out. It depends only on the direction of application of voltage to the screwdriver motor. All shifts are automated, so manual mode is excluded.

Types of screwdriver chucks

A screwdriver is a hand-held electric or pneumatic tool that is designed to automatically loosen and screw in screws. Such a device must have torque adjustment, and the screwing depth is also indicated.

You can use a screwdriver to screw in:

• screws;
• self-tapping screws;
• screws;
• dowels;
• other fasteners.

In addition, using a cam-type device or using special drills with a hex shank, you can drill various holes.

As a rule, such tools do not operate from the mains power supply, but from a rechargeable battery. The main advantage is mobility. However, there is a pneumatic type of device that operates either from a compressor or from a reservoir of compressed air or gas.

Electric motor

In every mechanism, the main function is performed by the motor. The screwdriver is no exception. It is the DC motor that is used in the hand screwdriver. It converts DC electrical energy into mechanical energy.

The screwdriver motor is a hollow cylindrical object, inside of which there are magnets and a rotor mounted on special brass supports. It is a steel cylinder with longitudinal grooves around its circumference. A wire with a high magnetic permeability coefficient is laid in these grooves. The armature winding is a closed system of conductors. After an equal number of turns, the rotor winding goes to the collector, which is a cylindrical structure made of copper segments insulated with layered mineral.

The brushes of the screwdriver motor are made of carbon and graphite, which ensures sliding contact with the rotating commutator. The purpose of the brushes is to transmit electric current from the stator to the rotor. Voltage is supplied exclusively to the brushes, and the direction of rotation of the motor directly depends on its polarity.

To securely fix the brushes on the commutator, use a clamping device in the form of spring-loaded plates. This mechanism ensures that the structural elements clearly correspond to their place, but at the same time leaves freedom of movement vertically. It maximizes the life of the motor as a whole.

This knowledge will be needed when performing maintenance and repair of the screwdriver. As a rule, the weak point in the motor is the windings, so you need to monitor the operation of the tool, especially when using it at extreme loads.

Chucks for screwdrivers

Using a screwdriver or drill for work, probably everyone, even a novice and inexperienced craftsman, has encountered a problem when some spare part from the device fails.

The factory markings applied to it will help the average user to select the necessary new spare part. When choosing, you should consider:

• The maximum and minimum size of the drill shank.
• His type.
• Type of connection – threaded or conical.

Of course, after time of use, the markings may wear off. In this case, the required type can only be determined visually. Cartridges can be of various types, their purpose depends on this. The most basic of them are quick-clamping, self-clamping, and also with a hex shank.

Changing attachments

Changing the attachment on a screwdriver is not difficult. The tool can be equipped with a quick-release chuck or a key-type chuck. Replace the equipment in both cases in a similar way. To remove a drill from a screwdriver with a keyless chuck and insert a new one or another type of equipment, proceed as follows:

• first, select a bit according to the size of the head and the type of slot on it (cross, straight or other) or a drill of the required diameter corresponding to the material in which the hole is to be created;
• spin the cartridge counterclockwise;
• in the center, between the spread cams, install the selected type of equipment;
• Rotating the cartridge case in the direction of the clock hand, clamp the nozzle.

You can remove the drill bit from the screwdriver (or another attachment) by holding the moving part of the chuck with one hand and pressing the start button with the other. Just first switch the direction of rotation to unwinding.

When a drill-driver is equipped with a key chuck, then to change the equipment do this:

• inserting the key into the recess for it, unscrew the cartridge;
• I install the nozzle;
• clamp it by turning the key clockwise.

There are models in which you can remove one type of cartridge, for example, a quick-detachable one, and replace it with a turnkey analogue . When choosing any option, you need to focus not only on ease of use, but you should also consider the pros and cons of each of them. Thus, the key chuck securely clamps the equipment, which is important when drilling, and the quick-release chuck allows you to quickly replace it, even with one hand (the other holds the handle, pressing the start button as necessary).

What do the numbers on a screwdriver mean?

The torque of a screwdriver is an important parameter that you need to pay attention to when choosing. It is certainly taken into account whether the tool will be used for home work or a professional one. Of course, there are now various models on sale that differ in their features.

The construction market offers a huge number of models of screwdrivers from different manufacturers, which differ depending on the power source, parts and functions.

Screwdriver models

A screwdriver is a commonly used tool that is indispensable for construction and repair activities. Now domestic manufacturers offer various models, which can be used for different criteria. This tool is convenient for manual production; it is needed for tightening/unscrewing screws, self-tapping screws, screws, for drilling and, in addition, for stirring mixtures.

According to the power source, the tool is classified into:

The cordless screwdriver is powered by the battery included in the kit.

1. Rechargeable models powered by special batteries. They increase the weight of the tool, but make work more convenient in inaccessible places.
2. Network devices that require connection to an electronic network. They have a limited range of operation due to the length of the cord, although extension cords can be used.

According to their intended purpose, equipment is divided into:

• models for construction/repair;
• for workshops, workshops, auto repair shops;
• for industrial companies;
• for household use.

Frame

Diagram
The outer part of the device with a contact handle.

The screwdriver body can have several types:

• gun . Used only in budget screwdriver models. The rotating shaft is attached directly to the chuck. Convenient for household purposes, copes with screwing screws. The main disadvantage is the high heating rate, as well as the need for pressure during operation due to low power.
• T-shaped . Outwardly, it resembles a pistol-shaped screwdriver, but the handle is shifted to the center. This ergonomic design ensures comfort during long periods of work. It can be equipped with an electric motor of different power. Found application in compact models.
• Classic drill . More often found in professional models. It has a characteristic convexity in which there is a mechanism for transmitting force to the cartridge through a gearbox. The movements of the bit are smooth, and it is often possible to adjust the speed. It is advisable to have an additional handle, since the weight of the tool can exceed 2 kg.

When choosing a screwdriver body, you should pay attention to the quality of the materials. It is advisable to choose models made of thick plastic with metal inserts and rubberized elements in the contact parts. The handle should fit comfortably in the hand and not cause discomfort. It is recommended that the power button, reverse button, as well as speed and power controls be within easy reach of your fingers. You should not buy a model with obvious play in any moving parts.

Important! The screwdriver body should have a start button and the ability to rotate in reverse. For long-term operation, a locking mechanism is convenient, allowing you to avoid constant on-off switching.

Device screw diameter ratio

Let's consider the relationship between the rotation speed of the drill and the diameter of the screw used in the device:

• with a maximum screw diameter of 6 mm, the rotation speed when screwing is 10 Nm for structural soft materials and 25 Nm for structural hard materials;
• with a maximum screw diameter of 7 mm, the rotation speed for interaction with soft materials is 11 Nm, and for working with hard materials - 27 Nm;
• with a maximum screw diameter of 8 mm, the torque of the drill when interacting with soft structural materials is 15 Nm, and with hard ones when screwing - 30 Nm.

The ratios show how it is possible to use working screws of the required size at a certain torque. This makes the work more efficient, but it must be remembered that when using screws with a small diameter, the duration of the operation increases. There are some peculiarities when working with large-diameter screws: the batteries of such equipment run out quite quickly. Therefore, choose models with a larger battery if you want your power tool to work for as long as possible without tiring recharging, or purchase a kit with a spare battery.

There is another very useful characteristic - reverse motion. This function allows you not only to free a suddenly stuck drill, but also to quickly unscrew a tight self-tapping screw. Reverse (reverse) for most is electronic: switching is carried out by changing the so-called electrical polarity. To control the reverse, a two-position switch is provided; it is located next to the tool start button.

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About Li-ion batteries

It's safe to say that the type of battery plays a huge role. Currently, this type of battery is one of the most popular and widespread. The lithium-ion battery is used not only in screwdrivers or drills, but also in other construction tools, as well as in portable devices (laptop, mobile phone, etc.) From this we can easily conclude that there are many advantages. One of them is durability. When used properly, the lithium-ion battery is rated for 3,000 charges/discharges. The maximum shelf life is approximately 3 years. It is difficult to say whether this is good or bad, but as practice shows, this is quite enough. How to choose the right cordless screwdriver? Everything is simple here: buy a good battery with a large capacity - and you will be happy. But do not forget that normal operation requires constant use of the device, so periodically you need to use a screwdriver, at least for prevention. But there are other types of batteries, which we will talk about now.

Purpose

Along with a jigsaw with saw blades, a screwdriver has become widespread due to its versatility, as it is designed to perform a wide range of installation work:

• Connecting workpieces with various types of screw fasteners: self-tapping screws, screws, screws, bolts, etc.;
• Drilling holes;
• Other operations that involve the rotation of some tool or special attachment (threading with a tap, mixing solutions and mixtures, etc.)

The screwdriver is compact, convenient and easy to use, and most importantly, it significantly facilitates and speeds up various technological operations. Driving 100 screws with a hand screwdriver takes a long time and requires a lot of physical strength. With a screwdriver this can be done just quickly. In addition, the need for any craftsman to tighten screws and drill holes arises very often, and here, well, you simply cannot do without a screwdriver.

Converter of Church Slavonic, Greek, Hebrew and Roman numbers

Numbers in Church Slavonic (also in Greek, Hebrew and Latin) books are indicated by letters. The Church Slavonic letter- number has a simple title above it and a dot after it. In two-digit and multi-digit numbers, the title is placed on the 2nd letter from the end.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Thousands are written with the same letters as units, 10s and hundreds, but with the addition of the symbol ҂ in front of the letter. Numbers are composed in the same way as in modern Arabic notation: thousands are written first, then hundreds, then 10s and ones, with the exception of numbers ending in 11...19, where the last two characters are rearranged according to the Slavic reading (for example, one-by-twenty, in other words, first “one” and later “twenty” = 10).

g҃. — 3D҃і. — 14 tmє. — 345 ҂иѿп҃и. — 8888 ҂р҂к҂г҃ѕ. — 123456

If in a multi-digit number the number of hundreds, tens or ones is zero, then no symbol like zero is substituted in their place, and the number becomes shorter.

Large numbers (tens and hundreds of thousands, millions and billions) in various sources can be expressed not through the symbol ҂, but by a specially outlined letter used to denote units. However, for large numbers these notations were quite unstable.

10,000 — ҂і҃. (tma)

100,000 - ҂р҃. (legeon, ignoramus)

1,000,000 - ҂҂а. (leodr)

10,000,000 — (corvid)

100,000,000 — (deck)

1000 000 000 - (tma topics)

The Church Slavonic number system is an absolute tracing of the Greek number system.

The Greek (Ionian, Modern Greek) number system is an alphabetical recording of numbers in which the letters of the classical Greek alphabet and some letters of the pre-classical era, such as ϝ (digamma), ϟ (coppa) and ϡ (sampi), are used as symbols for counting.

γʹ - 3 ιδʹ - 14 τμεʹ - 345 ͵ηωπηʹ - 8888 ͵ρ͵κ͵γυνϛʹ - 123456

The Hebrew number system uses the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet as numbers. Alphabetical notations for numbers were borrowed by the Jews from the ancient Greeks. Hebrew numbers are written from right to left; Before the last (left) letter there is a double quotation mark - gershaim (״). If there is only one letter, then a single quotation mark is placed after it - geresh (׳). To designate 1–9 thousand, the first nine letters are used, after which an apostrophe is placed. The exceptions are numbers ending in 15 and 16, which are represented as 96 and 97 respectively (for “Thou shalt not take the Name of God in vain”).

READ How to Use a Makita Screwdriver

Unlike the first 3, in the Roman number system, to represent any number, only 7 letters of the Latin alphabet are used I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D ( 500) and M (1000). Subsequently, 4 more SIMvols were added to them (from 5,000 to 100,000). To correctly write large numbers in Roman numerals, you must first write down the number of thousands, then hundreds, then tens and, finally, units. Numbers are written by repeating these numbers. With all this, if a larger number is in front of a smaller one, then they are added, but if a smaller one is in front of a larger one, then the smaller one is subtracted from the larger one.

III - 3 XIV - 14 CCCXLV - 345 ↁMMMDCCCLXXXVIII - 8888 ↈↂↂMMMCDLVI - 123456

Rechargeable batteries (AB)

Technologies have made great strides forward, and in terms of power tools, one of the most important stages of development was the emergence of cordless power tools.

Advantages and disadvantages of cordless tools

The advantages are obvious:

• Autonomous work. This is important, since the tool is not “tied” to an electrical outlet with a wire. Yes, there are batteries that need to be charged, but with two batteries, you can only go to the outlet once an hour.
• Low supply voltage for power tools means safety.

On the other side of the scale are the disadvantages of such an autonomous tool:

• The need to constantly recharge batteries.
• Limited tool power.
• Increased tool weight due to the presence of an electric battery.

And yet, cordless tools are very popular, especially in screwdriver models.

Battery parameters

There are several parameters of rechargeable batteries that need to be taken into account when choosing.

Battery types

What types of batteries are there and what are their features? There are several types of batteries, defined by the materials used in the electric battery:

• Nickel-cadmium battery;
• Nickel metal hydride battery;
• Lithium-ion battery;
• Lithium polymer battery.

Attachment to shaft

The attachment of the chuck to the tool shaft is also different. It is not always possible to find a mention of this important design feature of your screwdriver in the instructions. When it is inevitable to replace a cartridge, you often have to deal with this difficult issue yourself. There are several types of fastening, as well as the cartridges themselves.

Threaded fastening is quite common. To remove such a cartridge, you need to clamp a hex key of the largest possible size in it. By turning the key counterclockwise, you should unscrew the cartridge from the shaft. Sometimes quite significant force is required to remove the assembly. In some cases you will have to resort to using a hammer.

No less popular is fastening with a fixing screw. To determine this type of fastening, you need to move the chuck jaws as far apart as possible, which will open access to the head of the screw with a left-hand thread. Unscrewing will require some effort; during operation, the left screw is tightened quite strongly. Well, don’t forget that the thread is left-handed.

The old Morse taper mount is also found. This method of connecting the cartridge and shaft has been known since the end of the 19th century and still remains quite common. The shaft has a cone such that the reverse cone must be on the chuck. The angles of the cones must match. A screw with a left-hand thread is also used to secure the unit. Cartridges with this mount may be marked: B10, B14, etc., from 4 to 45.

What to do when you need to work with viscous mixtures?

It is not uncommon for a screwdriver with an impact function to be used for mixing viscous mixtures. To do this, you should choose equipment with high power, since ordinary household equipment may not be able to cope with the assigned work; the effort will not be enough. The torque of this device must be high, i.e. You should buy professional equipment. It is possible to use mechanical built-in gearboxes; they make it possible to use the equipment even at 1st speed. It is necessary to provide a cooling system; it is important to prevent overheating of the motor.

If the screwdriver is used to assemble shelves or install a regular cornice, then more power is not needed, torque will not be of particular importance. If equipment is purchased for frequent use, and you will need to perform various types of work related to the preparation of mortars, then you need to choose from semi-professional and professional tools. They will provide all the required conditions for quality work.

When choosing a screwdriver for home, you need to pay attention to its many parameters. You should immediately decide whether you need a professional tool or a not too powerful household one will do. After this, you should familiarize yourself with the proposed set of functions, technical characteristics, among which torque

.