What and how to drill tiles on the wall so that they do not crack?

If you follow the recommendations and use the appropriate tool, you will cope with the task quite quickly and efficiently. Recommendations from experienced builders accurately describe the procedure, so it’s not difficult to get confused in the steps. The easiest step would be to buy a special drill for glass or ceramics. It can be feather or tubular. The tip drill bit features a carbide tip that resembles a spear. The advantage of such a drill is its price. A tubular drill uses diamond chips, so it can handle the hardest materials.

How to drill through tiles?

What tasks are most often pursued when drilling ceramic finishes:

laying water pipes or other communications;
installation of an electrical outlet;
hanging shelves, mirrors, hooks and holders;
heated towel rail insert;
installation of a clothes dryer.

Before starting drilling, determine the type and quality of the tile. Density, strength, fragility, glaze characteristics and porosity of the tile - all these factors influence the outcome of the drilling process and the choice of tool.

But almost all types of tiles are characterized by one feature - a slippery surface from which the drill will constantly slide. Solving the problem is simple - just cover the working area of the drill with masking tape and get to work.

Another nuance is assessing the density of the tiles. Tap lightly on the facing surface. A dull sound will indicate the absence of voids in the coating - it can be drilled. If the sound is ringing, there are cavities in the tile, which, when drilled, can lead to breaks and chips.

Drills by purpose

According to their purpose, drills are:

Diamond drills. They appear as cones and feathers of small radii. The scope of their use: deep-penetrating, technological drilling, engraving on a stone base;
Diamond crowns. They are cylinder-type drills; they drill holes from 12 to 20 mm. This is a versatile tool that is often used to work with concrete foundations. It can also be used to process porcelain stoneware;

Ring-type diamond drills. These are small products with a diamond edge in the form of a ring. When drilling, the hole depth reaches up to 45 cm.

What is required for processing?

The best option for working with ceramic tiles would be a corded or cordless screwdriver. Its high rotation speed (800-1000 rpm) allows you to easily handle tile processing. An alternative to a screwdriver is an electric drill, or a manual modification if you have to drill a small hole.

Selecting a drill and auger

When the unit is prepared, all that remains is to choose the type of nozzle aimed at solving certain problems:

Diamond coated drills. They give the best results for drilling even very hard tiles, but due to their high cost, it makes sense to use them only for a large volume of work.
Drills with a tip made of pobedit. They work well with soft tiles and medium-hard tiles. It is recommended to drill ceramic tiles on the wall using so-called feather drills - they have a small sharpening angle that does not allow damage to the tile glaze.
Spear drills. Suitable for laying dowels, they have a low price and an enviable service life.
Single-sided sharpened carbide drills. These attachments reduce the risk of overheating and make working with very fragile and thin tiles easier.
Core drills with tungsten carbide coating. Universal components that can easily cope not only with the most durable tiles, but also with marble, brick and porcelain stoneware.

Diamond core drills require periodic cooling with water, and work with them at low speeds - no higher than 500 per minute.

What else can I drill?

If you need to get a hole of a large diameter, a drill with adjustable teeth - the so-called ballerina - will come to the rescue.

The device can drill holes up to 9 cm in diameter, including non-standard shapes for which there are no suitable crowns. But due to the manually moving bracket, the edges of the hole are uneven. Therefore, it is advisable to use a ballerina in cases where the perforation will be covered with something.

Another option for work is a Pobedit concrete drill. Since the tip is not intended for working with tiles, its cutting part is sharpened as sharply as possible, and during the drilling process maximum care is taken so as not to damage the coating.

Types of drills for porcelain stoneware

Nowadays, you can drill porcelain stoneware using the following types of tools:

Diamond drills;
Crowns with diamond and galvanic coating;
Sintered annular drills.

Drilling technique

The purposes of drilling tiles can be very different - from creating a small hole for a screw to drilling an entire circle for a pipe or socket.

Large holes

The best option for creating capacious perforation is to use a ballerina with a tip of the required diameter. It is recommended to first practice on waste tiles in order to “feel” the tool. If a ballerina is not at hand, a hole saw will come to the rescue, which even an owner inexperienced in construction can successfully handle.

Another method of drilling step by step:

Mark the center of the planned hole and draw a circle of the required diameter.
Using any tile drill, make several holes along the diameter of the circle, trying to place them close to each other.
The drilled sectors are carefully pressed, and the remaining pieces are removed with wire cutters.
The edges are sanded to give the correct shape.

Small holes

Step-by-step instruction:

Marks are placed on the surface of the ceramic for the hole.
To prevent the drill from slipping, stick masking tape or lightly chip off the enamel in the center of the future hole.
Disable the impact mode function on the drill and connect the device to the network.
Place the drill at an angle of 90° to the tile and start drilling at low speed.
Gradually the speed is increased, punching the tile to the very base.
Change the drill to a new one, suitable for the type of wall base (concrete, brick, wood) and continue drilling to the required depth.

The diameter of the second drill should not exceed the size of the first, otherwise the tile will be damaged.

Types by cutting edge

Let's look at what drills exist based on the type of cutting edge:

Feather - the working body looks like a soldered pyramidal plate. These products are suitable for deep drilling. Tools with pobedite and diamond tips are suitable. They are not intended for the work described, so after the formation of 2-3 holes they will fail;
Conical ones - at first glance they are very similar to ordinary metal drills. They grind the slab along the entire cross-beam of the drill. Designed for drilling small recesses;
Cylindrical models. Porcelain tiles are cut only along the outer circle line. The combination of the plot with the material is enormous. Such items are used for drilling large cross-section holes:

There are drills with a pobedit tip. They can be used to drill through this material, but they are not intended for this purpose, so their validity will expire after 2-3 procedures.

How to drill ceramics to install dowels?

A dowel is a fastening device used to create blind holes in surfaces, as well as in cases of hollow walls. On the tile, the dowel will securely hold a mirror, shelf or any other not too bulky accessory.

Distinctive features of drilling

The difficulties in installing dowels are similar to standard drilling into tiles. They consist in increased smoothness of the coating, which can interfere with reliable stop and installation of the drill. In addition to the methods of reducing slip described above (painting tape and removing glaze), you can use a jig.

This device is a wooden or metal plate with holes of different diameters. The size of the hole is selected based on the dimensions of the dowel. They drill very carefully, because at the same time you have to hold both the jig and the screwdriver, and also control the quality of the drilling.

Which drill to choose?

Brick and concrete drills are definitely not suitable for installing dowels - they can destroy and damage the tile cladding. As a result, you will have to re-lay the problem area. Tiers recommend purchasing special drills with a spear-shaped tip for such purposes.

Among the materials, devices made from pobedite remain the most affordable - they are bought more often than others due to their low cost. Ask the seller for a Pobedit drill bit for tiles - it works as accurately as possible.

Operating procedure

Algorithm of actions:

Secure the tiles from slipping using masking tape or adhesive tape.
Using a marker or felt-tip pen, mark the center of the hole in the form of a cross.
Prepare a drill of the selected type and diameter, insert it into a drill or screwdriver.
Drill the tiles at low speeds, increasing speed as you go.
When the drill touches the wall, turn off the drill and change the drill to a regular drill (for concrete or brick) of the same diameter.
Drill the hole to the intended depth, focusing on the length of the dowel.
Clean the recess from dust and insert the dowel

To prevent the drill from swaying during the drilling process, craftsmen use a special work tripod.

Cutting holes in ceramic tiles with improvised tools

As mentioned above, in the manufacture of tiles, rather soft materials are used that can be processed with most household tools. The process is greatly simplified if you keep the ceramic product in water for some time; you can work on wall ceramics with the following consumables and household tools.

Metal drills. They drill holes in soft tiles using ordinary drills for metal processing, the main thing is to use a drill or hammer drill at very low speeds and cool the drill. During the process, its edge must be regularly sharpened - the dulling of the cutting edge of the blade, unlike Pobedit or diamond drills, will occur much faster.

Rice. 7 How to make a hole in a tile with strings

Pliers. A situation often arises when a hole needs to be made at the edge. For these purposes, it is sufficient to use only pliers or special wire cutters, with the help of which small pieces are broken off from the edge until the desired cut is obtained.

Diamond strings. When using strings for cutting, you will need a household hacksaw for metal, into which the string is fixed; the cut occurs along the contour of the cut fragment through a drilled hole of small radius.

Glass cutter. A glass cutter can successfully make straight cuts when using tiles to seal walls with water pipes located in them in cases where the cut area is located within the contour of the tile. To create a hole, cut the tile in the center of the cut-out area, then use pliers to bite out the desired hole. If desired, you can make the cut from the glass cutter almost invisible - to do this, the tiles are glued on the inside with ceramic glue, and after drying, they are glued to the wall using tile adhesive.

Useful tips

You cannot press the tool with great force - the application of force should be moderate so as not to break the tile.
Drilling tile joints is only permitted if the diameter of the hole does not exceed the width of the joint.
To work with tiles, choose a drill with smooth speed switching.
If the tiles are very fragile, use a hand drill, which creates minimal vibration.
It is convenient to mark the point for drilling using a stationery proofreader. The liquid will make the surface rough and improve the adhesion of the tiles.
Glass drills are suitable for processing ceramic tiles.

Using a grinder

A grinder is a universal, multi-purpose tool that is available in the arsenal of every home craftsman. It can be used for cutting tiles instead of a tile cutter, which is considered a special tool, and not every craftsman has it. To work on the grinder, install a metal diamond wheel for dry cutting.

Grinder with a circle and stone discs

The peculiarity of the grinder is that it only makes straight cuts. Therefore, an angle grinder can easily make rectangular holes or make a large cutout with a radius shape if the contour arc has a slight bend. It will not be possible to create a smooth arc or a perfectly round hole right away. First, mark the outline of the radius cutout and draw many chords. An inscribed polygon should appear inside the contour. After marking, several cuts are made along the chord line, after which the contour is finalized with sandpaper.

Important! The tool must be equipped with a protective casing. It is necessary to work with gloves and safety glasses.

In this case, the grinder does not make a progressive cut, but makes a point cut through the tiles from the front side according to the markings. Thus, if you plan to cut a round hole, you need to take a diamond wheel with the smallest diameter possible. The larger the diameter of the hole, the more accurate the cut will be. The chords along the radius contour will be short, and the cut will be as close as possible to the radius and you will have to work less with a round block with sandpaper to refine the edge.

Work as an angle grinder

This method works well with tiles. To make radius holes in porcelain stoneware, it is better to use the special tools described below.

Video of the master at work:

How to drill without cracking the material?

You can avoid breaks and cracking of tiles by following several recommendations:

Do not use an electric drill at speeds above 1000 rpm.
If you need to drill into ceramics that have not yet been laid on the wall, soak them in a container of water for 60 minutes.
Before you start drilling, make sure that the hammer function is turned off on the device.
Practice on an unnecessary piece of tile to choose the optimal operating mode for the screwdriver and the pressure force.
Do not put the unit in reverse mode.
When drilling close to the edge, it is better to move the drill bit into the joint, otherwise it will slide off the edge of the tile.
Start drilling at low speeds and gradually increase speed.

And finally, it is worth mentioning personal protection measures - eye and respiratory safety. During drilling, pieces of glaze and dust fly off the tiles, so do not neglect such basic means as glasses, gloves and a mask.

Features of porcelain stoneware

Porcelain tiles have become often used in modern construction. It has found application as a finishing material, and also in the creation of ventilation facades.

You can pay attention to several inherent features of the material:

Abrasion resistance. This is achieved due to the properties of the monolith, where all the ingredients are tightly connected;
Uniform and unique design. The plane of the tile can resemble different structures and raw materials;
Great strength. The material is designed to withstand heavy loads and temperature changes. This makes it possible to use it for external and internal work;
Low water absorption and non-slip.

It is necessary to pay attention in particular to the strength of the material, because the quality of processing depends on it. There are several options for cutting, because this process is much easier to achieve.

To drill holes, only a special drill designed for porcelain stoneware is used. It is important to note that not all tools are suitable for cutting through such hard material. Often drills cannot withstand the resulting load, which makes it possible to use them only a few times.

Measures to protect the material from chips and cracks

When dealing with questions of how to drill tiles, we must not forget about precautions during work, thanks to which it will be possible to avoid deformation and complete destruction of the finishing material. First of all, to prevent the tile from cracking, it must first be soaked in plain water for 1 hour. If there is not enough time for such a solution, you can moisten the area where the holes are being drilled with a spray bottle.

To make it easier to start drilling large holes, you can cut out a stencil from fiberboard or plywood, then press it tightly against the tile to start drilling.

It is quite possible to reduce the likelihood of cracks if you step back at least 15 mm from the edge of the ceramic tile to the cutout. It’s better to calculate the installation point of the socket/shelf so that the hole for the fastening element is located on the connecting seam.

Crowns

A crown or cutter is a cylinder-shaped drill for making large-diameter holes. Base material: tool steel. At one end the cutting elements are fixed (various materials are used), at the other there is a shank for fastening in the drill chuck.

Based on their design, crowns are divided into two types:

with centering drill: used for working with hand tools;
without center drill: for permanent installations.

A crown without a centering drill, attached to a hand drill, “walks” on the tile when trying to drill. For drilling tiles, only sprayed cutters are used.

The toothed (carbide) varieties are designed for impact drilling and are therefore not suitable for fragile ceramics. Based on the coating material, cutters are divided into two types: diamond-coated and tungsten carbide.

The advantage of crowns is the high quality of drilling. The edge of the hole does not need to be trimmed, as after the “ballerina”.

Diamond coated

Like a diamond drill, this tool is more often used by professionals. It has a significant resource, but is expensive.

Crowns get hotter than drills, which is why diamond-coated tools are divided into two types:

for wet drilling . Here the diamond chips are fixed in the least reliable way - on solder. When heated, it softens and the crown loses its coating. To avoid this, water must be supplied to the work area. Wet drilling cutters have an important advantage: after their service life has expired, the cutting part can be replaced, so there is no need to purchase a new crown;
for dry cutting. Expensive crowns with coating fixed by laser soldering, immune to overheating. The tool is divided into segments by slots for effective heat dissipation. The cutting part cannot be restored; after its service life is exhausted, you have to buy a new cutter.

Tungsten carbide

The cheapest, but also the least durable variety. Typically, a tungsten carbide cutter is purchased for one-time work.

Possible difficulties

The main difficulty lies in the fragility of the material structure. With a significant point mechanical impact, it is destroyed, chips and cracks form. This is typical for all types of ceramic products. That is why you need to know how to properly drill a hole in ceramic tiles without uncontrolled deformation.

During drilling, a significant increase in temperature occurs in a certain area of the product. This entails a change in operational and technical qualities. One of the problems is the structure of the decor. It consists of a ceramic base and a layer of glaze. The second is much harder and is susceptible to destruction with a sharp increase in external pressure.

Before cutting a round hole in ceramic tiles, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the most common mistakes:

Incorrectly selected tool. This applies to the cutting part, which must gradually destroy the glaze layer, and then the ceramic base;
The working conditions do not meet the standards. The tile must be on a solid base. It doesn't matter whether it's a horizontal or vertical plane;
Excessive load. The selected drilling technique should not involve pressure, but rather cutting ceramics. Otherwise, the likelihood of chipping increases.

Taking these nuances into account, you can choose several methods for forming holes of various shapes and sizes. First you need to determine the thickness of the tile and, according to this indicator, select the optimal tool.

Important

If the processing of decorative material is carried out after the final stop, cracks may appear on the inside. In the future, a small blow will be enough, which will lead to the final loss of appearance.